摘 要
随着我国城镇化进程的加快，城市规模不断扩大，城市供热作为一项重要的民生工
程越来越得到重视。临沂市城市集中供热发展起步于二十世纪九十年代，城市集中供热
普及率 46%，虽处于全省先进行列，但随着经济发展和人口持续增长，各热源厂已满负
荷运转，如果近年内不能新建大的热源项目，供热缺口将持续加大，供需矛盾将加剧
如何探索适应临沂供热发展的模式是当前亟待解决的问题
论文在在此背景下系统综述了国内外城市供热项目应用和研究现状，详细分析了临
沂市主城区供热现状，并通过问卷调查，发现临沂市主城区供热项目存在热源建设缺乏
统筹性、热力管网未实现联网联供、小区内供热设施建设与管理水平差、系统能耗高、
供热温度达标率低、供热满意度逐年下降等问题。同时，通过技术经济分析，发现从内
部收益率和投资回收期两项指标来看，热电联产项目优于大型燃煤区域锅炉项目，与地
源热泵供热项目指标值接近。燃气锅炉供热项目净现金流量为负值，不具备经济性。最
后，论文结合问卷调查及供热项目经济分析结果，提出了适应临沂市供热项目管理的新
模式，即整合现有供热方式、构建新的供热管理模式，在此基础上构建了推行新供热管
理模式的组织机构、业务流程及职能分工，并提出了相应的保障措施
可以预见，随着厂网分离，联网联供、热网一体管理模式的建立，临沂市主城区供
热能力不足、供热质量不好、供热能耗过高、企业经济运行效益差等问题可逐步得到的
解决。若供热企业按照组织扁平化原则，科学构建组织架构，简化工作流程，推动政策、
资金、人员、规划、技术等保障措施到位，在新的供热管理模式下，供热产业链上下延
伸，供热公司在取得经济效益的同时，将会大幅度提高供热能力和供热管理水平，提高
供热质量，降低供热能耗，实现企业经济效益和社会效益的双赢
关 键 词 ： 供热工程；技术经济分析；管理模式
研究类型：应用研究
Abstract
With the rapid progress of urbanization and the enlargement of urban scale, city heat
supply engineering has attracted more and more attention. The development of urban central
heating in Lin Yi City was started in 1990s, and the pervasion of which is 46 percent. The heat
source plants have been running at full capacity with the continuously increased population
and fast developing economy, although it has entered advanced ranks in the whole province.
Heat supply gap will continue to increase and the contradiction between supply and demand
will be intensified, if the city cannot establish the new heat source projects in recent years.
How to explore the adaptation of Linyi heating development mode is an urgent problem to be
solved.
The paper systematically reviews the domestic and foreign applications and research
status of city heating project under the background of this, and gives detailed analysis of the
current heating system in Lin Yi main urban area. This paper uses a questionnaire to find the
main problems of Lin Yi City heating project, for instance, lacking overall plan of heat source
construction, unrealized heating power pipe network in networked installations and heating
system in residential quarter unrealized heating power pipe network in networked installations,
lacking heating system in residential quarter, poor management level, high energy
consumption of the system, low standard rate of heating temperature, heating satisfaction
declining year by year, etc. Meanwhile, through the technical and economic analysis, we find
that the cogeneration project is better than that of large area coal-fired boiler and close to
parameter values of ground source heat pump heat supply project, according to internal rate of
return and pay back period. The net cash flow of gas boiler heating project is negative and
uneconomical. At last, this paper comes up with the new patterns which adapted to the heating
project management of Lin Yi, combined with questionnaire and analysis results of heatingproject, namely integrating the existing heating way, constructing new heating management
models and organization that pursue the new heating management models, business process
and functional division, and putting forward the corresponding safeguard measures of those.
We can foresee that the problems such as the insufficient heating ability, the bad heating
quality, the high heating energy consumption, the poor enterprise economic operation
efficiency of Lin Yi main urban area can be solved step by step with the establishment of
plant-grid separation, networked installations, and heat supply network integration. If heating
enterprise according to the principle to organizational flattening, build the organizational
structure scientifically, simplify working process, and promote policy, capital, staff, project,
technology and other guarantee measures been realized on time, and wide in heating industry
chain under new management mode, while heating companies getting economic benefits , it
will drastically raise the capacity of heating and management level, raise quality and educe
depletion to achieve win-win effect in both economic returns and social effects.
Key word: The heating project, technology and economic analysis, management mode
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1877 年美国建成了首个区域锅炉房对周围十几家用户供热，标志着世界上集中供热
的正式开始。进入二十世纪，有的国家开始了热电联产方式供热。二十世纪中叶以来，
欧洲和苏联的集中供热发展较快。七十年代年以后，由于环境保护和能源节约的迫切需
要，越来越多的国家实行集中供热。建国以来，我国的集中供热发展较快，首先从北方
的北京、哈尔滨、沈阳等大城市开始，逐步向中小城市发展，现在我国不仅北方地区大
面积实行集中供热，南方的安徽省、贵州省也开始发展集中供热
集中供热优势明显：一是充分利用能源，二是社会效益和经济效益明显。但也面临
着多方面的问题：供热能力偏小、效率低下、经济效益差、环境压力大等诸多问题制约
着城市集中供热的进一步发展。据有关资料显示，我国采暖能耗占总能耗的比例为 1/6
左右，是发达国家的 2 至 3 倍，在雾霾等环境问题日益突出的今天，如何解决能耗和环
境的矛盾是所有城市面临的紧迫而又现实的问题
有着 2500 年历史的临沂城，2004 年以来，城市规模迅速扩大，由 2000 年的 50 万
人增加到 2012 年的 185 万人。而城市市政公用设施尤其是事关民生需要大投入的供热
基础设施没有跟上城市扩张的步伐，高效环保的采暖方式在城市所占的比例偏低。随着
主城区供热需求的持续高速攀升和供热面积的不断扩大，热源供热能力不足、系统供热
质量不高、供热设施供热事故频发、供热企业运营效益差、供热新能源技术推广难等问
题越来越凸显。这些问题的彻底解决，需要我们站在技术和管理的新高度上，打破旧的
思维模式，整合供热方式和供热资源，构建新的管理模式，促进供热事业科学发展。本
文以临沂市主城区供热项目管理为具体案例，分析项目目前在运行中存在的问题和原
因，找出解决问题的方法途径，同时也给其它城市的供热企业供热运行管理提供借鉴思
路。