随着全球化的加剧、市场的激烈竞争，企业无一例外地处于多变的复杂环境 中，随时可能面临不同程度的风险。风险，于企业而言意味着对企业系统造成失 败的可能性和由这种失败而导致的损失或后果，轻则带来损失，重则满盘皆输。 近年来，我国正处于大众创业的热潮中，创业企业在推动经济增长、促进社会进 步与发展、增强社会活力及解决就业问题等诸多方面都起着不可忽视的作用。然 而，创业企业作为复杂而艰难的创业活动载体，在其经营管理过程中涉及到政策、 技术、市场、财务、管理等多方面内容，而技术、资金、人员、市场皆具有高度 不确定性，创业企业的风险也因此普遍高于成熟企业。如何增强创业企业的风险 管理水平？如何降低创业企业的风险以提高创业成功的概率？已成为当今企业 管理领域的热点问题。 在此大背景下，风险管理无疑对于企业目标的实现、经营效率的提高、增强 企业核心竞争力，乃至决定企业的生存能力都具有极其重要的意义。本文以笔者 亲身经历的创业企业——上海邻家生鲜连锁超市为载体，通过分析邻家生鲜风险 管理的现状、存在的问题及其原因，结合创业管理和风险管理等相关理论，研究 出上海邻家生鲜连锁超市的风险管理应对策略，并进一步制定了相关策略的实施 保障措施。 鉴于风险的复杂性与多样性，为系统性地优化风险管理、避免风险识别不全， 本文以中天恒3C框架风险管理理论为依托，通过风险识别、风险评估、风险管 理目标确定、风险应对、控制活动、内部监督六部分，模块化、矩阵式地分解风 险管理问题并在此基础上设计出适合邻家生鲜风险管理的对策方案，从而有效地 应对邻家生鲜所面临的各项风险，更好地实现公司目标。 本文的研究，不仅为邻家生鲜设计出风险管理的对策，也为系统性地提升创 业企业的规范化运作提供了一定的借鉴；同时对后续打算进入或已在生鲜连锁行 业创业的经营管理者，也具有一定程度的参考价值。 关键词：创业企业，风险管理，生鲜连锁超市 II STUDY ON THE RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGY OF SHANGHAI ADJACENT FRESH FOOD CHAIN SUPERMARKET Abstract With the intensification of globalization and the fierce competition in the market, enterprises are invariably in a complex and changing environment, and may face different degrees of risk at any time. Risk, for the enterprise, means the possibility of causing failure to the enterprise system and the loss or consequence caused by such failure. In recent years, China is in the enthusiasm of mass entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurial enterprises have played an important role in promoting economic growth, promoting social progress and development, enhancing social vitality, and solving employment problems. However, due to the high degree of uncertainty of start-up enterprises, their operations will be more affected by economic, policy, social, legal, technical and financial, personnel, management and other internal and external factors, and their risks are relatively higher. How to enhance the risk management level of startup companies? How to reduce the risk of startups to increase the probability of success? Has become a hot issue in the field of business management today. Against this background, risk management is undoubtedly of great significance for the realization of corporate goals, improvement of operating efficiency, enhancement of core competitiveness of the enterprise, and even determination of the viability of the enterprise. This article takes the entrepreneurial experience of the author's personal experience, Shanghai Neighbour Fresh Chain Supermarket as a carrier, analyzes the current status, problems and causes of neighbour fresh produce risk management, and combines related theories such as entrepreneurship management and risk management to develop Shanghai Neighbourhood Fresh Food Chain Supermarket's risk management countermeasures, and further formulated relevant measures to ensure implementation. In view of the complexity and diversity of risks, in order to systematically optimize risk management and avoid incomplete risk identification, this article relies on the risk management theory of Zhongtianheng 3C framework, through risk identification, risk assessment, risk management target determination, risk response, Control activities and internal supervision are divided into six parts, and the risk management issues are decomposed in a modular and matrix manner. Based on this, a countermeasure plan suitable for the fresh food risk management of III neighbors is designed to effectively deal with the risks faced by the fresh food of neighbors. To better achieve company goals. The research in this article not only devises risk management countermeasures for neighbouring fresh produce, but also provides a certain reference for systematically improving the standardized operation of start-up enterprises. At the same time, it also provides management for the subsequent management plans to enter or have started a business in the fresh produce chain industry. It also has a certain degree of reference value. Key words: Venture company, Risk management, Fresh food chain supermarket IV 目 录 中文摘要 .................. I Abstract .................. II 第一章 绪论 .............. 1 1.1 研究背景与研究意义 ........................ 1 1.1.1研究背景 ....... 1 1.1.2 研究意义 ...... 3 1.2 国内外研究现状 . 3 1.2.1国外研究现状 .............................. 3 1.2.2国内研究现状 .............................. 4 1.3 研究内容与研究方法 ........................ 5 1.3.1 研究内容 ...... 5 1.3.2 研究方法 ...... 5 1.4 论文结构与研究框架 ........................ 7 1.4.1 论文结构 ...... 7 1.4.2 研究框架 ...... 8 第二章 创业企业风险管理相关理论 ......................... 9 2.1 创业与创业企业的内涵 .................... 9 2.1.1 创业的内涵 .. 9 2.1.2 创业过程理论模型 ................... 10 2.1.3 创业企业的内涵及特点 ........... 11 2.2 风险与创业企业风险管理 .............. 12 2.2.1 风险与创业企业的风险 ........... 12 2.2.2 创业企业风险的基本特征 ....... 12 V 2.2.3 创业企业风险管理的意义 ....... 13 2.3 中天恒3C框架风险管理理论 ....... 13 2.3.1 中天恒3C框架理论概述 ........ 13 2.3.2 内部控制与风险管理融合 ....... 13 2.3.3 中天恒3C框架操作规程 ........ 14 2.3.4 中天恒3C框架理论意义 ........ 14 第三章 邻家生鲜的风险识别与风险评估 ........... 16 3.1 邻家生鲜公司介绍 .......................... 16 3.1.1 生鲜连锁超市行业概况 ........... 16 3.1.2 邻家生鲜创业背景介绍 ........... 17 3.1.3 邻家生鲜公司现状介绍 ........... 19 3.2 邻家生鲜的风险识别 ...................... 25 3.2.1 风险识别的必要性 ................... 26 3.2.2 风险识别特点和方法 ............... 26 3.2.3 内外部风险因素分析 ............... 26 3.2.4 邻家生鲜的风险识别 ............... 28 3.3 邻家生鲜的风险评估 ...................... 31 3.3.1风险评估的原则 ........................ 31 3.3.2风险评估的方法 ........................ 31 3.3.3邻家生鲜风险评估 .................... 32 第四章 邻家生鲜风险管理的现状及问题分析 ................ 34 4.1 邻家生鲜的风险管理现状 .............. 34 4.1.1高管的风险管理意识薄弱 ........ 34 4.1.2公司风险过程管理不健全 ........ 34 4.2 邻家生鲜风险管理存在问题 .......... 35 4.2.1门店运营管理水平低 ................ 35 VI 4.2.2资金跟不上发展需要 ................ 37 4.2.3人才等资源匹配不足 ................ 38 4.2.4战略目标决策理想化 ................ 39 4.2.5招商加盟进展不顺利 ................ 41 4.2.6信息沟通不及时有效 ................ 42 4.2.7供应链规模资源不足 ................ 43 4.3 邻家生鲜风险管理存在问题原因分析 ......................... 44 4.3.1 邻家生鲜风险管理问题的内部因素 ...................... 44 4.3.2 邻家生鲜风险管理问题的外部因素 ...................... 48 第五章 邻家生鲜风险管理的应对策略 ............... 51 5.1 邻家生鲜风险管理目标确定 .......... 51 5.2 邻家生鲜的风险应对策略 .............. 52 5.2.1 门店运营管理的风险应对 ....... 52 5.2.2 财务资金方面的风险应对 ....... 56 5.2.3 人力资源方面的风险应对 ....... 57 5.2.4 战略决策失误的风险应对 ....... 58 5.2.5 招商加盟失败的风险应对 ....... 59 5.2.6 信息沟通方面的风险应对 ....... 59 5.2.7 采购配送方面的风险应对 ....... 60 5.3 邻家生鲜的风险控制与监督 .......... 61 5.3.1 风险控制 .... 61 5.3.2 风险监督 .... 63 第六章 邻家生鲜风险管理对策实施保障 .................... 65 6.1 加强企业风险管理文化建设 .......... 65 6.1.1 贯彻宣传企业目标理念 ........... 65 6.1.2 制订并下发《员工手册》 ....... 66 VII 6.1.3 倡导学习型和节约型文化 ....... 66 6.1.4 绩效考核与风险管理挂钩 ....... 66 6.2 建立健全企业