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I 摘要 在国际金融发展过程中,无论是发达国家还是发展中国家,都存在金融排 斥的现象,即社会的弱势群体因自身经济能力弱、所处区域偏僻等而不被市场 所接纳,无法公平享受银行金融服务。这一现象造成了各国经济发展过程中金 融服务资源分配不均衡,严重制约了国家经济的发展。随着市场经济环境的进 步,商业银行不断发展普惠金融业务、开发蓝海市场,探索银行的利润增长点; 十八届三中全会也提出,让被原有金融市场排斥在外的特殊群体能够享有平等 参与的权力,与其他群体一起分享社会经济成果;结合当前我国互联网技术快 速发展的情况,将普惠金融向数字化转型已然成为各商业银行业务发展的趋势 所在。但,商业银行在发展普惠金融进程中,仍无法避免因业务成本高、信息 数据不对称、竞争对手不断增加等因素带来的业务发展困难的问题。因此,商 业银行如何利用自身优势,借助信息技术,形成以数据为关键点的数字经济模 式,通过对普惠金融分析探索其业务创新点,利用云计算、大数据等现代科技 技术手段来丰富信息数据获取的途径、探索长尾末端客户群体、健全银行的风 险防控体系,让金融向数字化转型,打破原有发展桎梏,以期在该业务板块获 得更多的利润,变得尤为重要。 本文通过文献查阅了解国内外普惠金融的研究现状,以长尾理论、金融排 斥理论、包容性增长三大理论板块为基础,通过访谈分析法进一步了解H银行 普惠金融业务现状,并对H银行普惠金融的业务模式进行定义,其业务模式可 以概括为在打造烟草产业银行的大背景下,通过开发有针对性的普惠金融产品 或服务,搭建高效安全的销售渠道,施以目标客户容易接受的营销手段,最终 达到服务客户的目的,同时在整个业务流程中要进行持续的风险监测及管理, 使得产品或服务真正惠及百姓,实现金融公平。借助SWOT分析法,从银行内 部环境分析业务发展环节的优势、劣势,从外部环境分析其面临的机遇与挑战, 从而形成SWOT矩阵模型,为文章内容的进一步分析奠定基础。接着分别从产 品、营销、风险三个层级的业务模式出发,结合银行实际案例进行具体分析, 对每个层级内目前采取的发展策略进行研究,意在通过对H银行普惠金融业务 模式的全方位分析,反映出现阶段H银行普惠金融业务的不足,从而提出建议。 摘要 II 经过分析研究,目前H银行在普惠金融业务上取得了一定成绩,并借助互 联网技术在一定范围内解决了如何向偏远、落后等物理网点无法触及的地区提 供金融业务服务的问题,但也存在行业依赖严重、产品创新力不足、互联网技 术服务无法完全满足农村市场需求等问题。因此,笔者结合研究结果对H银行 普惠金融业务模式发展提出多方面的建议。在提高人才、科技信息技术能力的 同时,继续借力烟草产业发展普惠金融,并以烟草产业为依托,实现向其他产 业群体的覆盖;以互联网技术为依托,通过对客户群体的分析,对银行产品进 行创新,加快银行产品的线上布局进度,解决实体网点少所带来的发展桎梏; 借助当前社会环境中的新型社交媒体进行业务的市场推广,并通过设立社区支 行或金融服务站的方式增加银行获客服务能力,制定科学、可持续的考核管理 办法,解决普惠金融成本高、见效慢的问题,最终达到在保证风险可控的前提 下为银行创造利润同时,按国家政策要求助推普惠金融,实现社会经济的持续 稳定发展。 关键词:普惠金融;业务模式;发展策略; Abstract III Abstract Intheprocessofinternationalfinancialdevelopment,bothindevelopedand developingcountries,thereisaphenomenonoffinancialexclusion,thevulnerable groupsofsocietyarenotacceptedbythemarketduetotheirownweakeconomic capabilitiesandremoteareas.Thisphenomenonhascausedtheunevendistributionof financialserviceresourcesintheeconomicdevelopmentprocessofvariouscountries andseverelyrestrictedthedevelopmentofthenationaleconomy.Withtheprogressof themarketeconomicenvironment,commercialbanksbegintodevelopinclusive financialservices,todeveloptheblueoceanmarket,andexploretheprofitgrowth pointsofthebank.TheThirdPlenarySessionoftheEighteenthCentralCommittee alsoproposedthatspecialgroupsexcludedfromtheoriginalfinancialmarketcan enjoytherighttoparticipateonequalbasisandsharesocioeconomicachievements withothergroupsbinedwiththerapiddevelopmentofChina'sInternet technology,thetransformationofinclusivefinanceintodigitalhasbecomethetrend ofbusinessdevelopmentofcommercialbanks.However,intheprocessofdeveloping inclusivefinance,commercialbanksstillinevitablyencounterdifficultiesinbusiness developmentduetofactorssuchashighbusinesscosts,asymmetricinformation data,andincreasingcompetitors.So,itisparticularlyimportantthatcommercial bankshowtousetheirownadvantagesandtechnologytoformadigitaleconomic modelwithdataasthekeypoint,exploretheirbusinessinnovationsthroughinclusive financialanalysis,andusemoderntechnologysuchascloudcomputingandbigdata toenrichinformationaccesstodata,explorationoflong-tailcustomergroups,and improvementofthebank’sriskpreventionandcontrolsystemwillallowfinanceto transformintodigitalandbreaktheoriginaldevelopmentshackles,withaviewto gainingmoreprofitsinthisbusinesssector. Inthispaper,wewillreviewthecurrentstatusofinclusivefinanceresearchat homeandabroadthroughliteraturereview.Basedonthelong-tailtheory,financial exclusiontheory,andinclusivegrowth,wewillfurtherunderstandthecurrentstatus ofinclusivefinancebusinessofHBankthroughtheinterviewanalysis.Andits businessmodelcanbesummarizedasbuildingahighlyeffectiveandsafesales channelthroughthedevelopmentoftargetedinclusivefinancialproductsorservices underthegeneralbackgroundofbuildingatobaccoindustrybank,whichiseasily acceptedbytargetcustomers.Marketingmethodswillultimatelyachievethepurpose Abstract IV ofservingcustomers,atthesametime,continuousriskmonitoringandmanagement shouldbecarriedoutthroughoutthebusinessprocess,sothatproductsorservicescan trulybenefitthepeople,thenachievethefinancialequity.AndusetheSWOTanalysis methodtoanalyzetheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthebusinessdevelopmentlink fromthebank'sinternalenvironment,andanalyzetheopportunitiesandchallengesit facesfromtheexternalenvironment,andlayingthefoundationforfurtheranalysisof thecontentofthearticle.Thenproceedfromthethreecategoriesofproduct, marketingandrisktoanalyzetheactualcaseofthebankindetail,andstudythe currentdevelopmentstrategyofthebankineachdimension.Theintentionistoadopt theHBankinclusivefinancialbusinessmodel.Thecomprehensiveanalysisofits developmentandthestudyofitsdevelopmentstrategiesreflecttheinadequaciesof theinclusivefinancialservicesofHBankatthisstage,andmakerecommendations. Accordingtotheanalysisandresearch,HBankhasachievedcertain achievementsininclusivefinancialservices,andhassolvedtheproblemofhowto providefinancialbusinessservicestoremoteandbackwardphysicalareasthatcannot bereachedbyusinginternettechnologytoacertainextent,buttherearealsosome problems.Theindustryisheavilydependent,productinnovationisinsufficient,and internettechnologyservicescannotfullymeettheneedsoftheruralmarket. Therefore,theauthorcombinedwiththeresearchresultsputsforwardvarious suggestionsfortheinclusivefinancialbusinessmodeldevelopmentofHBank.While improvingtalents,technologicalinformationtechnologycapabilities,continueto leveragethetobaccoindustrytodevelopinclusivefinance,andrelyonthetobacco industrytoachievecoveragetootherindustrialgroups.Relyingoninternet technology,throughanalysisofcustomergroups,toinnovatebankingproducts, acceleratetheprogressofonlinelayoutofbankingproducts,andsolvethe developmentshacklescausedbythelackofphysicaloutlets.Usethenewsocial mediainthecurrentsocialenvironmenttopromotebusinessmarketing,andthrough theestablishmentofcommunitybranchesorfinancialservicestationswaysto increasetheabilityofbankstoobtaincustomerservice,formulatescientificand sustainableassessmentmanagementmethods,solvetheproblemofhighcostand slowresultsofinclusivefinance,andultimatelyachieveprofitabilityforbanksunder thepremiseofensuringcontrollablerisks,inaccordancewithnationalpolicy requirementspromoteinclusivefinanceandachievesustainedandstable Abstract V developmentofthesocialeconomy. KeyWords:InclusiveFinance;BusinessModel;DevelopmentStrategy; 目录 VI 目录 第一章绪论1 第一节研究背景与研究意义.................1 一、研究背景..............................1 二、研究意义..............................2 第二节国内外文献综述.........................3 一、国内文献综述......................3 二、国外文献综述......................4 三、文献述评..............................5 第三节研究方法与研究内容.................5 一、研究方法..............................5 二、研究内容..............................6 第四节相关概念及理论.........................7 一、普惠金融..............................7 二、业务模式....