长期以来银行往往更愿意将金融服务提供给大企业、大机构，而小微企业、贫困 人口处于很难被金融服务惠及的困境。普惠金融事业的发展，正是基于小微企业、贫 困人口这个长期以来困境，是保障弱势群体金融权利、促进我国经济发展的重要举措。 普惠金融这一概念最早出现是在联合国2005年发布的《普惠金融体系蓝皮书》上， 它是指向有金融服务需求但是支付能力有限的群体提供金融服务，服务对象报包括小 微企业、农民、低收入居民等社会弱势群体。 目前我国高度重视普惠金融，并下达了一系列政策来促进其发展，各级政府以及 金融机构也纷纷响应。在此背景下，建设银行B分行积极响应政府号召，大力推进 发展普惠金融事业，积极为小微企业提供金融服务，并卓有成效。在成绩的背后，目 前普惠金融发展还存在着一些问题和困难，笔者此次以建设银行B分行为研究对象， 分析了建设银行B分行目前发展小微企业普惠金融业务的现状、问题以及原因，并 对如何更好地发展普惠金融，服务小微企业提出有针对性的对策和建议，目的是促进 建设银行B分行又好又快地发展普惠金融事业，并为其他商业银行提供一定的借鉴。 本文一共分为六个部分：第一部分为导论，先后介绍了本文的选题背景与意义， 研究内容、研究方法，文献综述以及可能的创新点和不足。第二部分为相关理论的介 绍，主要对普惠金融和小微企业的概念以及我国小微企业普惠金融业务的发展近况进 行了介绍。第三部分阐述了建设银行B分行小微企业普惠金融业务的背景、架构、 方法以及成效。第四部分主要描述了研究对象目前在推进小微企业普惠金融业务过程 中的问题以及原因，提出了信贷风险管控压力大、政府性担保公司代偿情况不佳、不 敢贷现象仍然存在的问题，并分析其问题产生的原因。第五部分为笔者给予建设银行 B分行在未来发展小微企业普惠金融业务的相关建议，分别为继续深化金融供给侧改 革、加强客户筛选、严格筛选拟合作的政府性担保公司以及创立新型金融服务平台。 第六部分为本文的结论与启示，主要对全文的研究内容、研究结果以及得到的启示进 行了简要的总结。 关键词：商业银行；普惠金融；小微企业；信贷风险 建设银行B分行发展小微企业普惠金融业务问题研究 I Abstract In the past years, big enterprises and institutions were preferred by commercial banks for financial service, small and micro enterprises faced hard situation. In order to solve this problem, Inclusive Finance System is introduced by government. It is aimed to make sure that the poor and disadvantage groups can get financial services easily, and promote the development of economy in China. The conception of Inclusive Finance System first appeared in the blue book on financial inclusion system released by United Nation in 2005, it refers to providing financial services to poor and disadvantage groups, such as small and micro enterprises、farmers and low income people, which need financial service but cannot afford high expense. Now Chinese government pays great attention to Inclusive Finance System, and takes a serial of policies to promote it. Local government and commercial banks also give positive response. In this background, B Branch of China Construction Bank (CCB) makes a lot of efforts to promote the development of Inclusive Finance System by providing financial service to small and micro enterprises, and gets good result. Besides the achievements, there are still some difficulties and problems in the development of Inclusive Finance System, the financial services of small and micro enterprises are not as expected. The author chooses B Branch of CCB as the researching object, analyzes the current situation、problems and reasons of Inclusive Finance System in B Branch of CCB, and gives corresponding solutions and suggestions for promoting the development of Inclusive Finance System in B Branch of CCB. It also provides some reference to other commercial banks. This article has six parts; the first part is introduction, which introduces the background and value of the subject, as well as the content、method and innovation of the research. The second part includes referred theory and literature review, which introduces the conception of Inclusive Finance System. The third part includes the background、 structure、measures and achievements of Inclusive Finance System for small and micro enterprises in B Branch of CCB. The fourth part describes the problems and reasons in the promotion of Inclusive Finance System for small and micro enterprises in B Branch of CCB. Because it is difficult to manage loan risks, and many bonding companies with government background are in trouble, there is still lack of confidence in Inclusive Finance System for small and micro enterprises. The detail reasons for these problems are revealed Abstract II in this part. The fifth part gives relative suggestions for the development of Inclusive Finance System for small and micro enterprises in B Branch of CCB, such as deepening supply-side reform in finance area、strengthening customer selection、choosing bonding companies with government background more carefully、and founding new platform for financial services. The sixth part includes the conclusion and enlightenment of this article, mainly summarizes the content、result and enlightenment of the research. Key words:Commercial Bank; Inclusive Finance System; Small and Micro Enterprises; Loan Risk 建设银行B分行发展小微企业普惠金融业务问题研究 1 目录 导论 ............................................................................................................... 1 一、选题背景与意义 ......................................................................................................... 1 二、文献综述..................................................................................................................... 1 三、研究内容与研究方法 .................................................................................................. 6 四、研究创新点与不足...................................................................................................... 7 第一章小微企业普惠金融相关概念与发展近况 ......................................... 9 第一节小微企业普惠金融的概念与特征 ................................................................................... 9 一、普惠金融的概念与特征 .............................................................................................. 9 二、小微企业的概念与特征 ............................................................................................ 10 三、传统小微企业贷款与小微企业普惠金融贷款的区别 ............................................... 12 第二节银行发展小微企业普惠金融业务的原由...................................................................... 12 一、政策支持体系更加完善 ............................................................................................ 12 二、具有一定的经济效益 ................................................................................................ 13 三、发展条件成熟 ........................................................................................................... 13 第三节小微企业普惠金融业务近况 ........................................................................................ 14 一、信贷支持力度增加.................................................................................................... 14 二、融资成本降低 ........................................................................................................... 14 三、金融产品和服务创新 ................................................................................................ 14 四、服务流程便利化 ....................................................................................................... 15 第二章建设银行B分行小微企业普惠金融业务的现状 ........................... 16 第一节建设银行B分行推进小微企业普惠金融业务的背景 .................................................. 16 第二节建设银行B分行普惠金融业务的架构 ......................................................................... 17 一、建设银行B分行普惠金融业务的管理架构.............................................................. 17 二、建设银行B分行普惠金融信贷业务的审批架构 ...................................................... 17 第三节建设银行B分行发展小微企业普惠金融业务的方法 .................................................. 18 一、产品创新助力推进..............................................................