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摘要
小额贷款是我国近些年来大力发展的一种信贷品种,在扶助农民脱贫、促进小微经
济发展方面效果十分显著。不同于用于居民消费用途的贷款,小额贷款属于个人经营性
贷款,贷款用途只能用于个人及小微企业主扩大经营、经营资金周转等。小额贷款的用
途属性表明其具有促进实体经济发展的作用,如何使小额贷款在实体经济中发挥更大的
作用是国内外学者不断探索的课题。邮储银行作为一家负责任的大型商业国企银行,积
极响应国家号召,发挥自身优势,以助力脱贫、促进发展为己任,兼顾自身经营需求,
大力发展小额贷款业务。但小额贷款由于其自身的特性,在经营中势必会带来较大的风
险,而各地邮储银行也由于其自身的局限性,也会桎梏小额贷款业务的发展。因此,如
何突破小额贷款发展瓶颈,取得更大的发展规模,更好的服务人民与社会便是邮储银行
面临的一个重大难题。
文章以邮储银行 S市分行为例,在了解其基本信息的基础上,深入探讨其现有的部
门设置、人员配置以及贷款风险控制策略下在贷款种类、定价策略、业务办理流程方面
的劣势,找到了分行小额贷款业务发展无法突破瓶颈的深层次制约因素,并利用 SWOT
法对邮储银行 S市分行小额贷款的发展优势、发展劣势、发展机会以及发展机会中的威
胁进行了深刻的剖析,深入的探讨了分行的优势与机会,并且建议分行应抓住机遇,克
服困难,大力发展小额贷款业务,扩大小额贷款业务规模。然后又分别从市场发展前景、
市场占有率、人员能力以及风险控制四个方面分析了困扰分行小额贷款业务发展瓶颈的
影响因素,并对瓶颈成因进行分析,找到了问题的根源。
解决问题,要从根源着手,文章提出了差异化提升策略,从提供差异化的贷款产品、
实现贷款要素个性化调整两方面创新小额贷款产品设计,然后又构建了合理的贷前申
请、贷中调查、贷款审批以及贷后管理的小额贷款管理体系,并提出建立健全差异化内
部激励机制以提高小额信贷队伍建设水平,最后从构建合理的风险分散机制、完善客户
管理系统及风险定价机制及实现互联网+大数据风险监控来保障风险的防控,来全方位、
有针对性的解决分行当前遇到的小额信贷发展瓶颈问题,希望以此获得突破,助力分行
取得更好的发展。
关键词:小额贷款;邮储银行;瓶颈分析;提升策略
I
ABSTRACT
Micro-loans are a type of credit that my country has developed vigorously in recent years. It has a very
significant effect in helping farmers out of poverty and promoting the development of small and
micro-economics. Different from loans used for residents' consumption purposes, small loans are personal
business loans, and loans can only be used for personal and small and micro business owners to expand
their operations and operating capital turnover. The nature of the use of micro-loans shows that they can
promote the development of the real economy. How to make micro-loans play a greater role in the real
economy is a topic that domestic and foreign scholars are constantly exploring.As a responsible large-scale
commercial state-owned enterprise bank, Postal Savings Bank of China actively responds to the call of the
state, gives full play to its own advantages, and takes into account its own business needs to help alleviate
poverty and promote development, taking into account its own business needs, and vigorously developing
micro-loan business. However, due to its own characteristics, micro-loans will inevitably bring greater risks
in their operations, and the various postal savings banks will also impede the development of micro-loans
due to their own limitations. Therefore, how to break through the bottleneck of microfinance development,
better serve the people and society, and achieve a larger scale of development is a major problem facing the
Postal Savings Bank.
Based on the basic information of Postal Savings Bank's branch in S city, the article deeply explores
its current department, staffing groups, and loan risk control strategies in terms of loan types, pricing
strategies, and business processing disadvantages. , Found the deep-seated restrictive factors in the
development of branch micro-loan business that could not break through the bottleneck, and used the
SWOT method to deeply analyze the development advantages, development disadvantages, development
opportunities and threats in the development opportunities of the postal savings bank’s S city branch
micro-loans. The analysis, in-depth discussion of the advantages and opportunities of branches, and
suggested that branches should seize opportunities, overcome difficulties, vigorously develop micro-loan
business, and expand the scale of micro-loan business. Then, it analyzes the influencing factors of the
bottleneck in the development of branch microfinance business from three aspects: loan marketing
III
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