W邮储银行是中国邮政储蓄银行二级分行。自成立以来，银行各项业务规 模不断扩大，营业收入和净利润也连年增长。然而，在小微企业贷款规模逐年攀 升的同时，其不良率却一直居高不下，严重影响了银行资产质量与经营收益。因 此，如何加强小微企业贷款的风险管理，是W邮储银行亟待解决的重要问题。 本文在对风险管理理论和有关研究作出全面回顾的基础上，运用统计分析、 问卷调查、比较分析等方法，从小微企业贷款客户和银行自身两个层面分析了W 邮储银行贷款不良率高于其他银行的内外部原因。最后，结合实际情况提出了加 强W邮储银行小微企业贷款风险管控的若干策略。 研究表明，W邮储银行出现较高的贷款不良率，主要是因为小微企业面临 的外部环境不断恶化，生存空间变窄；同时客户所在区域的产业结构、商业文化， 及其经营规模、管理水平等也有一定的影响。此外，还与W邮储银行对贷款风 险的认识与管控能力有关。针对这些问题，本文认为W邮储银行应客观认识当 前小微企业贷款面临的问题，采取有效措施进一步提升自身风险识别、评估和处 置能力。具体包括完善风险管理制度、优化风险管控流程、建立快速有效的风险 处置机制、提高管理人员业务能力等。 关键词：小微企业；贷款风险；风险管理；W邮储银行 浙江理工大学硕士专业学位论文 III Abstract WbrunchofChinaPostalSavingsBankisasecondarybranchofPostalSavings BankofChina.Sinceitsestablishment,thescaleofvariousbusinessesofthebankhas beenexpanding,anditsoperatingincomeandnetprofithavealsoincreasedyearby year.However,whiletheloanscaleofsmallandmicroenterprisesisincreasingyear byyear,thenon-performingrateisstillhigh,whichseriouslyaffectstheassetquality andoperatingincomeofbanks.So,howtostrengthentheriskmanagementofloans formicroenterprisesisanimportantproblemtobesolvedbyWpostalsavingsbank. Onthebasisofacomprehensivereviewofriskmanagementtheoryandrelated research,thispaperanalyzestheinternalandexternalreasonswhythe non-performingloanrateofWpostalsavingsbankishigherthanthatofotherbanks fromtwoaspectsofsmallandmicroenterpriseloancustomersandbanksthemselves. Finally,combinedwiththeactualsituation,thispaperputsforwardsomestrategiesto strengthentheriskcontrolofsmallandmicroenterprisesofWpostalsavingsbank. Theresearchshowsthatthehighnon-performingloanrateofWpostalsavings bankismainlyduetothedeteriorationofexternalenvironmentandthenarrowliving space;atthesametime,theindustrialstructure,businessculture,businessscaleand managementlevelofcustomers'regionsalsohaveinfluence.Inaddition,itisrelated toWpostalsavingsbank'scontrolabilityofloanrisk.Inviewoftheseproblems,this paperbelievesthatWpostalsavingsbankshouldobjectivelyunderstandthecurrent problemsfacedbysmallandmicroenterprises,andtakeeffectivemeasurestofurther improveitsriskidentification,assessmentanddisposalcapabilities.including improvingtheriskmanagementsystem,optimizingtheriskcontrolprocess, establishingarapidandeffectiveriskdisposalmechanism,andimprovingthe businessabilityofthemanagementpersonnel. KeyWords:Smallandmicroenterprises;Loanrisk;Riskmanagement;Wbrunchof ChinaPostalSavingsBank 浙江理工大学硕士专业学位论文 V 目录 摘要............................................................................................................................I Abstract......................................................................................................................III 目录...........................................................................................................................V 1绪论..........................................................................................................................1 1.1选题背景与研究意义.........................................................................................1 1.1.1选题背景..................................................................................................1 1.1.2研究意义..................................................................................................1 1.2研究思路与研究内容.........................................................................................2 1.2.1研究思路..................................................................................................2 1.2.2研究内容..................................................................................................2 1.3研究方法与技术路线.........................................................................................3 1.3.1研究方法..................................................................................................3 1.3.2技术路线..................................................................................................4 1.4主要创新点.........................................................................................................4 2基础理论与文献综述................................................................................................7 2.1基础理论.............................................................................................................7 2.1.1风险管理理论..........................................................................................7 2.1.2信用风险理论........................................................................................11 2.2文献综述...........................................................................................................12 2.2.1小微企业贷款风险识别研究................................................................12 2.2.2小微企业贷款风险评估研究................................................................15 2.2.3小微企业贷款风险管控研究................................................................16 2.3简要评述...........................................................................................................18 3W邮储银行业务经营现状及问题..........................................................................19 3.1W邮储银行的发展历程...................................................................................19 3.2W邮储银行的经营情况...................................................................................20 3.2.1人员构成................................................................................................20 3.2.2金融产品................................................................................................21 3.2.3业务发展情况-以小微企业贷款等为例...............................................21 3.3W邮储银行小微企业贷款面临的问题...........................................................25 4W邮储银行小微企业客户所处环境及自身特征分析..........................................29 4.1外部宏观环境的影响.......................................................................................30 4.1.1国际贸易环境的影响............................................................................30 浙江理工大学硕士专业学位论文 VI 4.1.2突发公共事件的影响-以新冠疫情为例...............................................32 4.1.3政策导向的影响-以环保政策为例.......................................................33 4.2客户所在区域环境的影响...............................................................................34 4.2.1文化因素的影响....................................................................................34 4.2.2经济因素的影响....................................................................................36 4.2.3产业结构的影响....................................................................................37 4.2.4金融环境的影响....................................................................................41 4.3小微企业客户特征问卷调查分析...................................................................42 4.3.1规模特征................................................................................................43 4.3.2组织结构特征........................................................................................47 4.3.3内部管理特征........................................................................................49 5W邮储银行小微企业贷款风险管理的调研分析..................................................53 5.1小微企业客户经理访谈...................................................................................53 5.1.1访谈情况.................................................................