深化民营小微企业金融服务，作为现阶段及今后国家重点推行的政策，在加大金融 供给，丰富金融产品创新的同时，更应将小微贷款的风险管理作为一项重要工作，支撑 小微贷款的可持续发展。能否对小微贷款风险进行有效控制，不仅关系到银行自身经营 业绩和监管要求，还关系到国家市场经济的健康发展，商业银行如何针对性的、创造性 的开展小微企业的贷款风险管理也就成为了每个银行和国家需要关注的问题。 首先，本文通过文献理论分析法、归纳分析法，以KF银行小微贷款业务发展为个 案进行分析，理论结合实际，研究分析了其发展历程、小微产品、管理模式、组织架构、 风险管理业务流程、贷款结构现状，重点识别了信用风险管理、操作风险管理层面存在 的问题：不良贷款余额与不良率持续上升、偏离小额分散风控原则、信息不对称问题突 出、贷后管理流于形式等。其次，针对发现问题，分析研究产生原因，虽然有外部宏观 环境变化、小微客户自身风险高、社会信用体系建设不完善的客观因素，但更主要的原 因是KF银行在自身风险经营管理中风险防控意识不强、对宏观行业风险把控不到位、 产品定位设计存在缺陷，风险调查分析能力不足，贷款审批体系不健全，贷后管理机制 不合理造成。最后，本文结合相关文献理论及自身从业经验，从经营理念、产品设置、 风控技术、管理体系、机制建设、流程操作层面，对KF银行提出优化建议：一是强化 风险意识，坚持稳健发展；二是加强宏观分析，把握行业趋势；三是合理分层客户，合 理定制利率水平、加强担保风险缓释管理，推动产品升级；四是通过强化员工技术培训、 加快数字化科技应用，实现风险防控人工素质和科技水平的双提升；五是完善人员配置， 优化贷款审批体系；六是多措并举，丰富贷后手段，提高风险预警处置能力。 实现小微贷款风险的有效管理，离不开小微企业自身、金融机构和政府等各方共同 努力，本文借鉴河南省兰考县普惠金融改革试验区关于风险防控体系建设方面的经验， 建议KF银行当地政府，主导推进建立信用信息共享平台与小微企贷款风险基金，降低 信息不对称影响，分担小微企业贷款风险，打造“守信激励，失信惩戒”的良好金融生态 环境，维护金融机构债权安全，实现经济增长与金融稳定和谐健康发展。 关键词：小微企业，贷款，风险管理 III ABSTRACT Todeepenthefinancialservicesofprivatesmallandmicroenterprises,asakeypolicyofthestateat thisstageandinthefuture,whileincreasingthefinancialsupplyandenrichingtheinnovationoffinancial products,weshouldtaketheriskmanagementofsmallandmicroloansasanimportantworktosupportthe sustainabledevelopmentofsmallandmicroloans.Whethertheriskofsmallandmicroloanscanbe effectivelycontrolledisnotonlyrelatedtothebank'sownbusinessperformanceandregulatory requirements,butalsorelatedtothehealthydevelopmentofthenationalmarketeconomy.Howtocarryout targetedandcreativeloanriskmanagementofsmallandmicroenterprisesbycommercialbankshas becomeaproblemthateveryBankandcountryneedtopayattentionto. Firstofall,thispaperanalyzesthedevelopmentofKFbank'smicroloanbusinessthroughliterature theoreticalanalysisandinductiveanalysisbiningtheorywithpractice,itstudiesandanalyzesits developmentprocess,smallandmicroproducts,managementmode,organizationalstructure,risk managementbusinessprocessandloanstructure,andfocusesonidentifyingtheproblemsincreditrisk managementandoperationalriskmanagement:non-performing.Theloanbalanceandnon-performingrate continuetorise,deviatefromtheprincipleofsmallamountdecentralizedriskcontrol,theproblemof informationasymmetryisprominent,andpostloanmanagementisjustaformality.Secondly,inviewof theproblemsfoundandthecausesoftheanalysisandresearch,althoughthereareobjectivefactorssuchas changesintheexternalmacroenvironment,highriskofsmallandMicrocustomersthemselves,and imperfectconstructionofsocialcreditsystem,themoreimportantreasonisthatKFbankdoesnothavea strongawarenessofriskpreventionandcontrolinitsownriskoperationandmanagement,doesnotcontrol themacroindustryrisksinplace,andhasdefectsinproductpositioningdesign.RiskinvestigationThe declineofevaluationability,unreasonableloanexaminationandapprovalsystem,andimperfectpostloan managementmechanismresultin.Finally,basedontherelevantliteraturetheoryandtheirownexperience, thispaperputsforwardoptimizationsuggestionsforKFbankfromtheaspectsofbusinessphilosophy, productsetting,riskcontroltechnology,managementsystem,mechanismconstructionandprocess operation:first,strengthenriskawarenessandadheretosteadydevelopment;second,strengthenmacro analysisandimprovetheriskpreventionandcontrolabilityoftheindustry;third,optimizeproductand IV servicestrategiesandmakereasonabledecisions.Thefourthistoimprovethequalityofriskprevention andcontrolpersonnelandthelevelofscienceandtechnologybystrengtheningthetechnicaltrainingof employeesandacceleratingtheapplicationofdigitaltechnology;thefifthistoimprovethestaffingand optimizetheloanapprovalsystem;thesixthistotakemultiplemeasurestoimprovetheabilityofpostloan riskearlywarninganddisposal. Theeffectivemanagementofsmallandmicroloanriskcannotbeachievedwithoutthejointeffortsof smallandmicroenterprisesthemselves,financialinstitutionsandthegovernment.Thispaper,basedonthe experienceoftheconstructionofriskpreventionandcontrolsystemintheinclusivefinancialreformpilot areaofLankaoCounty,HenanProvince,suggeststhatKFbanklocalgovernment,togetherwithrelevant departmentsandfinancialinstitutions,shouldestablishacreditinformationsharingplatformandloanrisk baseforsmallandmicroenterprises.Gold,reducetheimpactofinformationasymmetry,sharetheloanrisk ofsmallandmicroenterprises,createagoodfinancialecologicalenvironmentof"trustworthyincentive, dishonestpunishment",maintainthesecurityoffinancialinstitutions'claims,andrealizetheharmonious andhealthydevelopmentofeconomicgrowthandfinancialstability. KEYWORDS:smallandmicroenterprises,loan,riskmanagement V 目录 摘要...........................................................................................................................................I ABSTRACT.............................................................................................................................III 1绪论.........................................................................................................................................1 1.1研究背景..........................................................................................................................1 1.2研究的意义.......................................................................................................................2 1.3研究内容..........................................................................................................................3 1.4研究方法..........................................................................................................................5 1.5研究创新..........................................................................................................................5 2理论基础与文献综述.............................................................................................................7 2.1基础概念解析..................................................................................................................7 2.1.1小微企业及特点.......................................................................................................7 2.1.2小微贷款及风险特点...............................................................................................7 2.1.3IPC小微贷款技术及特点........................................................................................8 2.2相关理论........................................................................................................................11 2.2.1信息不对称理论.....................................................................................................11 2.2.2信贷配给理论.........................................................................................................12 2.3国内外研究文献综述....................................................................................................13 2.3.1国外研究文献综述.................................................................................................13 2.3.2国内研究文献综述.................................................................................................14 2.3.3研究评述...........................................................................................................