中小微企业是国民经济和社会发展的生力军，是扩大就业、改善民生、促 进创业创新的重要力量，在稳增长、促改革、调结构、惠民生、防风险中发挥 着重要的作用。为支持小微企业发展，国家密集出台了多项政策和指导意见， 鼓励商业银行加大对小微企业进行贷款投放，监管部门也在“三个不低于”的 监管目标的基础上提出更为严格的“两增两控”新目标。在普惠型小微贷款投 放考核趋严和经济下行的双重压力下，地方城市商业银行优化原有普惠型小微 贷款的办理流程，探索业务发展的新模式变得尤为重要。 Z银行是我国较早开展小微企业金融服务的地方城市商业银行，其成立之初 便确立了“小企业融资专家”的市场定位，并在国内小微金融服务领域有了一 定的成效。2017年央行提出普惠型小微贷款概念，将单户授信500万以内的小 微贷款纳入普惠金融领域，对普惠型小微贷款进行定向降准，并加强对银行机 构的投放考核，Z银行也加大了对普惠型小微贷款业务领域的业务探索。本文以 Z银行普惠型小微贷款业务为研究对象，通过对Z银行普惠型小微贷款业务现状 的研究，揭示出Z银行在当前普惠型小微贷款业务发展中存在着业务同质化严 重、投放结构不合理、业务对合作方依赖度高、业务流程冗长等问题，并从内 外部两方面对问题形成的成因进行探究。外部成因主要为宏观政策和监管考核 的压力、大型银行额业务挤压以及新增投放缺乏内外部环境支持，内部成因主 要为战略定位不突出、产品设计能力不足、风控审批技术陈旧和尽职免责制度 执行不力等方面。面对存在的问题及成因，本文提出坚守小微战略初心、强化 产品和模式创新、重塑小微业务流程、优化客户管理体系的建议。希望本文的 研究可以促进Z银行普惠型小微贷款业务更好的发展，也为国内其他城市商业 银行或河南省内其他商业银行开展普惠型小微贷款业务提供一些借鉴和参考。 关键词：Z银行；小微企业；普惠；贷款业务 II Abstract Asanewforceofnationaleconomicandsocialdevelopment,SMEsplayan importantroleinexpandingemployment,improvingpeople'slivelihood,promoting entrepreneurshipandinnovation,stabilizinggrowth,promotingreform,adjusting structure,benefitingpeople'slivelihoodandpreventingrisks.Inordertosupportthe developmentofsmallandmicroenterprises,thestatehasintensivelyissuedanumber ofpoliciesandguidelinestoencouragecommercialbankstoincreasethelendingto smallandmicroenterprises.Onthebasisoftheregulatoryobjectivesof"threenot lessthan",theregulatoryauthoritieshaveputforwardamorestrictnewobjectiveof "twoincreasesandtwocontrols".Underthedoublepressureofstrictassessmentand economicdownturn,itisparticularlyimportantforlocalcitycommercialbanksto optimizetheoriginalprocessofinclusivesmallandmicroloansandexplorenew businessdevelopmentmodels. BankZisalocalcitycommercialbankwhichdevelopedfinancialservicesfor smallandmicroenterprisesearlierinChina.Atthebeginningofitsestablishment, bankZestablishedthemarketpositionof"smallenterprisefinancingexpert",andhas achievedcertainresultsinthefieldofdomesticsmallandmicrofinancialservices.In 2017,thepeople'sBankofChinaproposedtheconceptofinclusivesmallandmicro loans,includingsmallandmicroloanswithasinglecreditoflessthan5millionyuan intotheinclusivefinancialfield,targetedreductionoftheinclusivesmallandmicro loans,andstrengthenedtheinvestmentassessmentofbankinginstitutions.BankZ alsostrengthenedthebusinessexplorationofinclusivesmallandmicroloans.This papertakestheinclusivesmallandmicroloanbusinessofbankZastheresearch object.Throughtheresearchonthecurrentsituationofinclusivesmallandmicro loanbusinessofbankZ,itrevealsthatunderthecurrenteconomicdownward pressure,therearemanyproblemsinbankZ,suchasserioushomogeneityof III business,unreasonableinvestmentstructure,highdependenceonpartners,lengthy businessprocess,etc.,andprobesintothecausesoftheproblemsfromtheinternal andexternalaspectsTheexternalcausesaremainlythepressureofmacropolicies andregulatoryassessment,thesqueezeoflarge-scalebankingbusinessandthelack ofinternalandexternalenvironmentalsupportfornewinvestment.Theinternal causesaremainlythelackofstrategicpositioning,insufficientproductdesign capacity,outdatedriskcontrolapprovaltechnologyandpoorimplementationofdue diligenceexemptionsystem.Inthefaceoftheexistingproblemsandcauses,this paperputsforwardthesuggestionsofstickingtotheoriginalintentionofsmalland microenterprisestrategy,strengtheningproductandmodelinnovation,reshaping smallandmicroenterprisebusinessprocessandoptimizingcustomermanagement system.Itishopedthattheresearchofthispapercanpromotethedevelopmentof inclusivesmallandmicroloanbusinessofbankZ,andprovidesomereferencefor otherdomesticcitycommercialbanksorothercommercialbanksinHenanProvince tocarryoutinclusivesmallandmicroloanbusiness. Keywords:Zbank;smallandmicroenterprises;inclusive;loanbusiness IV 目录 摘要.........................................................................................................I Abstract...................................................................................................II 第一章绪论...............................................................................................7 第一节选题背景和意义......................................................................................7 第二节研究内容与方法......................................................................................8 一研究内容......................................................................................................................8 二研究方法......................................................................................................................9 第三节创新与不足之处......................................................................................9 第二章Z银行普惠型小微贷款业务发展现状......................................10 第一节Z银行简介.............................................................................................10 第二节普惠型小微贷款业务概况....................................................................11 一业务组织架构............................................................................................................11 二业务流程....................................................................................................................12 三普惠型小微贷款重点产品........................................................................................13 第三节普惠型小微贷款业务发展指标分析....................................................15 一贷款规模....................................................................................................................15 二担保结构....................................................................................................................15 三利率定价....................................................................................................................16 四不良贷款....................................................................................................................17 第三章Z银行普惠型小微贷款业务问题分析.....................................18 第一节业务同质化严重....................................................................................18 一目标客群重叠度高....................................................................................................18 二产品要素同质化........................................................................................................19 V 第二节投放结构不合理....................................................................................21 一强担保类贷款风险积聚............................................................................................21 二质押类贷款收益下降................................................................................................21 第三节合作方依赖度高....................................................................................22 一营销获客对合作方依赖度高....................................................................................22 二风险控制对合作方依赖度高....................................................................................23 第四节业务流程冗长........................................................................................23 一申请手续繁琐............................................................................................................23 二审批流程节点繁多..................