iii 摘要 复杂产品系统(英文全称Complex Product System,以下简称CoPS)目前主要应用 场景为各类工厂，比如石油、化工、冶金、发电厂等，其中DCS(英文全称Distributed Control System分布式控制系统)为主要应用系统[1]。通过对计算机技术、自动化系 统控制技术、网络通讯等技术的结合，来达到对工业中使用的系统的过程控制、 管理等功能。 中国是世界核电大国，核电装机数量居世界第三，在建核电机组数量居世界第 一。与此同时，中国正在向海外出售核电。核电标准化是推进核电“走出去”的 重要起点，对推动中国从核大国迈向核大国具有重要意义。要实现自主核电的健 康发展，必须加快核电标准化建设步伐。如果一个国家没有自己的核电标准体系， 就不可能实现真正意义上的核独立[2]。目前，国内的复杂产品系统在制造及后期使 用过程中，主要以以往项目的实施经验为主。在日益发展的今天，关键信息通过 经验传递的办法不仅效率慢且准确性较低。另一方面，也在一定程度上导致行业 整体人员的供给上也难以有充足保证。同时，受标准化较低的制约，很多关键设 备及系统软件等物资都存在多个型号、版本，及其不利于整体的制造及后期维护[3]。 因此本文以G公司的DCS系统项目为背景，按照项目全生命周期理论为案例 分析的结构基础，在基于目前企业现状及整体环境的各项因素的基础上，分析了 项目的前期、中期、后期三个阶段中现存的各个类型问题。 对项目前期设计阶段中的软件设计、硬件选用、物料认定及管理三个具体问 题形成了“简洁”的标准化方案，从而达到降低前期阶段人力及资金投入，降低 人力需求波动，为后续日常管理做好了平滑过渡的基础；对中期执行阶段中的术 语制定、文件编写、生产工艺三个具体问题形成了“明确”的标准化方案，通过 提高人员工作输出准确率，进而提高效率，减少返工、重做等问题带来的非必要 投入；对后期维护阶段的反馈信息及经验反愧现场大修两个具体问题形成了“细 致”的标准化方案，以减少各类主观偏差，提高信息传递准确性，从而能够更快 速的定位现场问题，缩短工期；同时对项目全生命周期过程中人员这一重点环节 进行分析，通过对以往“传帮带”形式的各项不足进行定位，最终形成了一套相 对简单可行的标准化人员培养方案，用于对企业人才库进行补充。 北京交通大学硕士专业学位论文 iv 标准化工作并非是一劳永逸的工作,而是需要周期性的维护、更新和改进。虽 然标准化体系的建立过程相对比较繁杂，但企业个方面实施标准化后，不仅可以 减少企业日常的生产、管理等方面的成本，更能够建立一个拥有强大竞争力的企 业甚至是成为行业内的规则制定者。 关键词：复杂产品系统；分布式控制系统；标准化；核电； 北京交通大学硕士专业学位论文 ABSTRACT v ABSTRACT Complex Product System (CoPS) is currently used in all kinds of factories, such as petroleum, chemical, metallurgical, power plants, etc., and the DCS (Distributed Control System) is the main category, through the combination of computer technology, automation system control technology, and network communication technology to achieve the process control management of the system used in the industry As the world's largest nuclear power plant, China ranks third in the number of nuclear power units in operation and first in the number of nuclear power units under construction. At the same time, China is selling nuclear power overseas, several countries already have Chinese nuclear power projects, and more countries are actively seeking cooperation with China's nuclear power. In order to get rid of the restriction of other countries' monopoly on key technologies for many years, China's nuclear power industry is also developing towards nuclear power independence. In order to realize the independent healthy development of nuclear power, we must speed up the pace of nuclear power standard construction. If a country does not have its own nuclear power standard system, it is impossible to achieve nuclear power independence in a real sense.Although a series of technical standards have been formed in China's nuclear power technology, the existing standards are not enough to cover the large number of units and nuclear reactors currently in use in China. Secondly, the existing standards are often outdated in the rapidly developing nuclear power industry, and the formulation and introduction of various standards are often later than the actual use needs. Therefore, this paper takes the DCS system project of G company as the background, according to the whole life cycle theory of the project as the structural basis of case analysis, based on the current situation of the enterprise and various factors of the overall environment, analyzes the existing types of problems in the three stages of the project: the early stage, the middle stage and the late stage. A "simple" standardized plan has been formed for the three specific problems of software design, hardware selection, material identification and management in the early design stage of the project, so as to reduce the investment of manpower and capital in the early stage, reduce the fluctuation of manpower demand, and lay a smooth foundation for the subsequent daily management;A "clear" standardized plan has been formed for the three specific problems of terminology formulation, document 北京交通大学硕士专业学位论文 ABSTRACT vi preparation and production process in the medium-term implementation stage. By improving the output accuracy of personnel, the efficiency can be improved, and the unnecessary investment caused by rework and rework can be reduced;In order to reduce all kinds of subjective deviation and improve the accuracy of information transmission, a "detailed" standardized scheme has been formed for the feedback information, experience feedback and on-site overhaul in the later maintenance stage, so as to locate the on-site problems more quickly and shorten the construction period;At the same time, the key link of personnel in the whole life cycle of the project is analyzed. Through positioning the deficiencies of the previous "mentoring" form, a relatively simple and feasible standardized personnel training program is finally formed to supplement the enterprise talent pool. Standardization is not a once-and-for-all job; it requires periodic maintenance, updates, and improvements. Although the establishment process of the standardization system is relatively complicated, the implementation of standardization in various aspects of enterprises can not only reduce the cost of daily production and management, but also establish a strong competitive enterprise or even become a rule maker in the industry. KEYWORDS：Complex product system; Distributed control system; Standardization; Nuclear power; 北京交通大学硕士专业学位论文 目录 vii 目录 摘要 ................ III ABSTRACT .......... V 1 绪论 .............. 10 1.1研究的背景、意义及目的 ........ 11 1.2国内外复杂产品实施现状 ........ 20 1.2.1国内外复杂产品现状 ........ 20 1.2.2现阶段的主要问题 ............ 21 1.3论文的总体思路及主要内容 .... 11 1.4本论文涉及的专业名词、术语解释 ....................... 14 1.5相关研究方法 ............................ 14 1.5.1案例分析法 ........................ 14 1.5.2调查问卷法 ........................ 14 1.6本论文的创新之处 .................... 15 2 文献综述和相关理论基础 ......... 16 2.1文献综述..... 16 2.1.1 复杂产品系统的概念以及独特性 .................. 16 2.1.2 核电分布式控制系统的发展概述及独特性 .. 18 2.2相关理论概述 ............................ 21 2.2.1标准化 . 21 2.2.2项目生命周期 .................... 22 3 G公司现状分析 ....................... 24 3.1前期设计阶段 ............................ 24 3.1.1软件设计 ............................ 25 3.1.2硬件选用 ............................ 26 3.1.3物料认定及管理 .................27 3.2中期执行阶段 ............................ 28 3.2.1术语制定 ............................ 28 3.2.2文件编写 ............................ 28 3.2.3生产工艺 ............................ 29 北京交通大学硕士专业学位论文 目录 viii 3.3后期维护阶段 ............................ 30 3.3.1反馈信息、经验反馈 ........ 30 3.3.2现场大修 ............................ 31 4 标准化实施方案制定 ................. 32 4.1 前期设计阶段的标准化实施方案制定： .............. 33 4.1.1软件设计 ............................ 33 4.1.2硬件选用 ............................ 34 4.1.3 物料认定及管理 ............... 35 4.1.4 总结 .... 36 4.2 中期执行阶段的标准化实施方案制定： .............. 36 4.2.1