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企业集团是一种重要的现代经济组织形式,但中西方企业集团在形成过程上 有所不同,西方企业集团是在市场的调节下,通过统筹规划企业自身资源配置和 业务选择,经过兼并重组成为企业集团,集团公司对子公司的管控主要是通过调 整管控的集分权程度,合理配置管控手段,充分调动子公司积极性,促进各子公 司间的优势互补、资源共享以及成本最小化,发挥企业集团的协同效应,最终实 现集团整体发展战略。与西方企业集团不同,我国国有企业集团的形成及发展通 常是由政策主导的重组整合,大多存在“集而不团”的现象,当母公司管控能力 较弱时便出现了“管而不控”的现象。中国国有企业集团的高质量发展需要对管 理控制理论做进一步深入研究,针对中国国有企业集团形成和发展的特殊性对母 子公司管理控制体制、模式以及手段进一步探讨,为中国国有企业集团管理控制 优化对策提供实践基矗 Z公司是H国有企业集团下属全资子公司,近年来,随着其不断发展壮大, 逐渐由单体企业发展成为具有集团属性的企业。Z公司为解决自身核心能力不足、 可持续发展能力较弱问题积极推进企业混合所有制改革,在改革过程中对子公司 管控能力不足、母子公司之间协同效应较弱等问题开始显现。亟需对Z公司的管 理控制体系进行优化,加强母子公司管控能力,强化企业内部协同效应,提高企 业发展质量。 本研究通过整理国内外关于母子公司管理控制理论的相关研究成果,结合对Z 公司4个层次7类人员的访谈结果,系统地对Z公司的管理控制现状进行了分析, 并总结提炼了Z公司在母子公司管理控制方面存在的主要问题。在Z公司的管理 控制优化设计过程中,有针对性的从母子公司功能定位、组织机构设置、管控模 式确定、管控手段优化四个方面提出了具体优化措施。以Z公司为例,给出了管 控体系设计的具体方法,对国有企业集团的管控体系优化具有一定的借鉴意义。 关键词:母子公司管理控制;管理控制模式;管理控制手段 北京交通大学硕士专业学位论文 ABSTRACT iv ABSTRACT Enterprise group is an important form of modern economic organization. However, the formation process of Chinese and Western enterprise groups is different. Western enterprise groups are under the adjustment of the market and plan their own resource allocation and business choices through merger and reorganization. The management and control of subsidiaries by parent company is mainly through adjusting the degree of decentralization of management and control, rationally configuring management and control methods, fully mobilizing the enthusiasm of companies, promoting the complementary advantages, resource sharing, and minimizing costs between subsidiaries. The synergy effect of the group finally realized the overall development strategy of the enterprise group. Different from western enterprise groups, the formation and development of China's state-owned enterprise groups are usually policy-led reorganization and integration, and most of them just be put together to be a enterprise group but they do not work together. When the management and control ability of parent company is weak, “management but not control” occurs. The high-quality development of China's state-owned enterprise groups requires further in-depth research on management control theory, further discussions particularity of state-owned enterprise groups on the management and control system, management control mode, and management control methods should be taken to provide a method of optimization Company Z is a wholly-owned subsidiary of H State-owned Enterprise Group. In recent years, with its continuous development and growth, it has gradually developed from a single enterprise to a enterprise group. Company Z actively promoted the reform of mixed ownership in order to solve the problems of insufficient core capabilities and weak sustainable development capabilities. During the reform process, problems such as insufficient management control of subsidiaries and weak synergies between parent and subsidiary companies began to appear. There is an urgent need to optimize the management and control system of Company Z, strengthen the management and control capabilities of itself, strengthen internal synergies, and improve the quality of enterprise development. This study systematically analyzes the current status of management and control of Company Z by summarizing relevant research results on management control theory of parent and subsidiary companies at home and abroad, and combining the results of interviews with four levels and 7 types’ staff of Company Z. Then major problems are 北京交通大学硕士专业学位论文 ABSTRACT v summarized. In the process of company Z's management and control optimization design, specific optimization measures were proposed from the four aspects of parent-subsidiary: company's function positioning, organizational structure setting, management and control mode determination, and management and control means optimization. Taking company Z as an example, the specific method of optimizing the management and control system is given, which has certain reference significance for the optimization of the management control system of state-owned enterprise groups. KEYWORDS:parent-subsidiary corporation management control; management control mode; management control method 北京交通大学硕士专业学位论文 vi 目录 摘要 ............................................................... iii ABSTRACT ............................................................ iv 1 绪论 .............................................................. 1 1.1 选题背景与研究意义 .......................................... 1 1.2 研究内容与框架 .............................................. 2 1.3 研究方法 .................................................... 3 1.4 本文研究的创新点 ............................................ 3 2 理论基础与文献综述 ................................................ 5 2.1 相关概念 .................................................... 5 2.1.1 企业集团 ............................................... 5 2.1.2 母子公司 ............................................... 5 2.1.3 集团公司管理控制 ....................................... 6 2.2 管理控制理论概述 ............................................ 6 2.2.1 母子公司管理控制系统 ................................... 6 2.2.2 母子公司管控体制 ....................................... 7 2.2.3 母子公司管控模式 ....................................... 7 2.2.4 母子公司管控手段 ...................................... 11 3 Z公司母子公司管理控制现状分析 ................................... 14 3.1 Z公司母子公司基本情况概述 .................................. 14 3.1.1 Z公司发展历程及概述 .................................. 14 3.1.2 Z公司组织机构及子公司设置情况 ........................ 14 3.1.3 Z公司母子公司治理结构 ................................ 16 3.2 Z公司母子公司管理控制模式现状 .............................. 17 3.2.1 母子公司功能定位 ...................................... 17 3.2.2 母子公司管控模式 ...................................... 18 3.3 Z公司母子公司管理控制手段现状 .............................. 23 北京交通大学硕士专业学位论文 vii 3.3.1 战略管控 .............................................. 23 3.3.2 人事管控 .............................................. 24 3.3.3 财务管控 .............................................. 25 3.3.4 绩效管控 .............................................. 26 3.3.5 文化管控 .............................................. 27 3.4 Z公司母子公司管理控制存在的问题 ............................ 27 3.4.1 Z公司母子公司管理控制现状访谈[37] ...................... 27 3.4.2 基于访谈结果分析的Z公司母子公司管理控制问题分析 ...... 31 4 Z公司母子公司管理控制问题分析 ................................... 33 4.1 Z公司母子公司管理控制问题的主要原因分析 .................... 33 4.1.1缺乏清晰的母子公司功能定位问题分析 ..................... 33 4.1.2 尚未形成科学合理的母子公司管控模式问题分析 ............ 34 4.1.3 母子公司组织机构设置与管控需求不匹配问题分析 .......... 35 4.1.4 管控事项不够全面、深入,管控手段不够精准问题分析 ...... 36 4.2 影响Z公司母子公司管控效果的主要因素分析 ................... 37 5 Z公司母子公司管理控制体系优化设计 ............................... 40 5.1 建立模式化管控与精准管控相结合的管理思路 ................... 41 5.1.1 对各子公司施行分类管控,确定现阶段各子公司管控模式 .... 41 5.1.2 实施精准管控,做好下一阶段管控模式