随着经济全球化以及技术网络化发展全球竞争日益激烈，电商的飞速发展也带动 了化妆品行业的快速增长。但是伴随着政府、社会和环境的压力，企业社会责任和绿 色采购要求已经成为企业战略发展的关键要素，包装行业在飞速发展的同时也面临转 型。化妆品的外包装不能一味的追求绚丽的外表，看似五彩斑斓的包装在生产的过程 中可能已经对环境造成了影响。在采购行为中企业需要考虑到企业社会责任要素又要 兼顾消费者对包装设计感的要求，为采购实践带来了严峻的挑战。 本文以 L 公司为例，运用波特五力分析法对公司内外部环境进行了分析，对外分 析了采购对象所在的市场的环境，对内研究分析直接采购的组织架构，采购作业流程 以及采购物料特征。然后从物料分类定位、供应商选择和评价体系两方面进行了分析。 L 公司虽然在化妆品行业中属于佼佼者，但采购的成熟度仍然属于普通水平。在对物 料细分的管理上过于单一，没有差异化的管理，同时采购流程复杂，耗时久，效率低 下。在供应商管理方面，供应商数量与日俱增，物料供应更加分散使得部分现有供应 商表现下滑。L 公司需要尽快找到相应的解决方案。 本文使用卡拉杰克矩阵模型将物料重新进行分类定位并结合 ABC 分类法进行 管理，针对不同的物料制定不同的采购策略。在供应商管理上，使用层次分析法构建 选择和评价体系，加入企业社会责任和创新的影响因子对供应商进行 360 度评估，并 借助新的评价体系整合供应商降低采购成本，重点发展战略合作的供应商。最后，通 过优化策略的实施步骤将优化方案落实到实践中，并与采购绩效挂钩，确保措施的实 施。 关键词：采购策略；包装材料；物料分类管理；供应商管理III Abstract The global competition is increasingly fierce with the economic globalization and the quickly development of technology network. The rapid development of e-commerce also drives the rapid growth of the cosmetics industry. However, with the pressure from the government,societyandenvironment,corporatesocialresponsibilityandgreenprocurement requirements have become the key elements for the strategic development. The packing of cosmetics cannot blindly pursue the gorgeous appearance. The colorful packaging may have had an impact on the environment in the process of production. Enterprises need to take into account the elements of corporate social responsibility and consumers' requirements for packaging design, which brings severe challenges to purchasing practice. Taking L Company as an example, this paper analyzes the market situation of the packing material by using Michael Porter's Five Forces Model. Moreover, from internally we analyze the organizational structure, procurement process and packing material of L Company.Although Lcompany is a leader in the cosmetics industry, its purchasing maturity is still at an ordinary level. The management of material subdivision is too simple and there is no differentiated management. Meanwhile, the procurement process is complex, time- consuming and inefficient. In terms of supplier management, the number of suppliers is also increasing which leads to scattered procurement and declining performance of existing suppliers. L Company needs to find the corresponding solution as soon as possible. In this paper, we use the Kraljic matrix model and ABC classification to subdivide the materials. In terms of supplier management, we use AHP to upgrade the supplier selection and evaluation system. The new evaluation system can help sourcing to integrate suppliers and focus on developing strategic suppliers to reduce procurement costs. Finally, the implementation steps of the optimization strategy are made to ensure the improvement. Keywords: Purchasing strategy; Packing materials; Material classification management; Supplier management目录 致谢 ........................................................................................................................................I 摘要 ......................................................................................................................................II Abstract................................................................................................................................III 第 1 章 绪论 .........................................................................................................................1 研究背景.....................................................................................................................1 1.1.1 选题背景 .............................................................................................................1 1.1.2 研究目的 .............................................................................................................3 1.1.3 研究意义 .............................................................................................................3 国内外研究现状.........................................................................................................4 1.2.1 国外研究现状 .....................................................................................................4 1.2.2 国内研究现状 .....................................................................................................5 研究内容与研究基本框架.........................................................................................7 1.3.1 研究内容 .............................................................................................................7 1.3.2 研究基本框架 .....................................................................................................8 研究方法和创新点.....................................................................................................9 1.4.1 研究方法 .............................................................................................................9 1.4.2 创新点 .................................................................................................................9 第 2 章 L 公司内外部环境分析........................................................................................11 L 公司内部环境分析................................................................................................11 2.1.1 L 公司概况.........................................................................................................11 2.1.2 L 公司内部环境 SWOT 分析............................................................................11 化妆品包装材料市场情况-波特五力分析..............................................................12 2.2.1 供应商的讨价还价能力 ...................................................................................13 2.2.2 购买者的讨价还价能力 ...................................................................................14 2.2.3 行业新进入者的威胁 .......................................................................................142.2.4 替代品的威胁 ...................................................................................................16 2.2.5 业内竞争水平 ...................................................................................................16 本章小结 ..................................................................................................................17 第 3 章 L 公司包装材料区域采购策略概况及问题分析................................................18 L 公司区域采购管理概况........................................................................................18 3.1.1 L 公司包装材料的区域采购组织架构.............................................................19 3.1.2 L 公司包装材料的物料特性.............................................................................21 3.1.3 L 公司包装材料的区域采购供应商管理.........................................................23 L 公司包装材料区域采购策略存在的问题............................................................24 3.2.1 库存周转率低 ...................................................................................................24 3.2.2 新项目包装的开发周期长 ...............................................................................25 3.2.3 部分物料存在供货短缺风险 ...........................................................................25 3.2.4 供应商评估结果与实际表现存在偏差 ...........................................................26 L 公司包装材