通过提高企业内部的规模化、集约化采购，能够有效降低成本支出，提高市场
竞争力，从而进一步推动产业结构优化升级。而供应链的整合和优化就成为企业的
集约化管理的重要决策之一。因此，企业需要持续优化供应链，不断进行信息收集、
分析、诊断、改进和控制的供应链优化过程，而其中的采购管理，特别是集中采购
管理可以有效进行企业内部资源整合，本文研究的初衷正在于此。
本论文所研究的内容是集中化采购在 A 公司（中国）的实施情况的初步分析和
过程探讨。因笔者所负责部分为 MRO（非生产性物料）的采购战略整合，所以本篇
论文主要围绕着汽车零部件行业里非生产性物料的集中采购战略进行总体规划和
具体的实施过程研究。
本篇论文希望在现有的条件下，对 A 公司非生产性物料集中采购模式的初步探
讨和研究，特别是针对 A 公司在华集中采购战略的具体实施过程的研究，力求达到：
详细的分析 A 企业在集中采购管理模式下的采购工作流程：如 A 公司的集中采购策
略、人员整合、物料整合过程，内部集中采购流程，以及后期监管和控制管理；其
次是集中采购管理模式的实施结果评估；最后，结合中外同类型企业集中采购管理
的具体情况，总结 A 公司自身的集中采购模式，探讨 A 公司集中采购方式对于同类
型企业的帮助和借鉴意义。
关键词: 集中采购；供应链优化；非生产性物料
III
Abstract
In recent years, China&39;s automobile industry has developed swiftly and violently,
therefore the world&39;s largest automobile companies and parts enterprises aim at the huge
potential of Chinese market and plenty of strategic layouts rush into Chinese automobile
market. The competitors entering into China make automobile industry intensely
competitive. In order to strive for more market share as much as possible, reducing price
is the most important means for domestic manufacturers and each class automobile
model. Price reduction has become the main theme of the past two years in China&39;s
automobile market. The fierce competition between enterprises directly led to the decline
of the industry profit. This requires the vehicle and the part enterprise to enhance the
ability of cost management, reduce the costs, in order to make profits. Automobile
parts enterprises must seize the opportunity, gun jumping in the capital and technical
aspect, and try to reduce their operational costs as well as expenditure for procurement
through the integration of resources. Integration of these resources has become a trend of
the industry.
Improving internal scale and intensive management of the enterprise can effectively
reduce the cost; improve market competitiveness so as to further promote upgrading of
the industrial structure. Supply chain integration and optimization will become one of the
important decisions of the intensive management. Therefore, enterprises need to
continuously optimize the supply chain, constantly conduct optimal process of
information collection, analysis, diagnosis, improvement and control of supply chain.
And purchasing management therein, especially the centralized purchasing management
can effectively integrate the enterprise internal resources which is the original intention
the paper studies.
This paper studies the preliminary analysis and process discussion of centralized
procurement in “A” company. The author is responsible for purchasing strategic
integration of MRO (Maintenance, Repair & Operations, means Indirect material),
therefore this paper mainly plans and discusses the centralized procurement of
Indirectmaterial in automobile parts industry.
This paper is based on the existing condition, discussing and researching“A”
company’s MRO centralized purchasing pattern，mainly focus on “A” company specific
implementation process of centralized purchasing strategy in China. Aim to combing the
centralized purchasing management model, analysis “A” company’s purchasing
workflow in detail under the centralized purchasing management model. Such as “A”
Company’s centralized purchasing operation mode, internal centralized purchasing
process, personnel integration, material integration process, as well as late-supervise and
control management; Followed by the implementation result evaluation of centralized
purchasing management model; Finally, preliminary discuss the MRO centralized
purchasing management model implementation significance from “A” company on the
same style company, combining the same style of the domestic and foreign companies’
central purchasing management situation. Thus, make some help and reference on
centralized purchasing management for the same style company and industry.
Keywords: Centralized Purchasing; Supply Chain Optimization; MRO
第 1 章 绪论
1.1 研究的背景
集中采购，是指把分散的业务集中起来,可以获得规模化采购优势，从而形成
规模效益,节省采购费用,节约预算资金，保证采购产品的交付质量。所以，近些年
众多的国内国外企业纷纷不断进行集中采购战略的探索。
集中采购对汽车行业的发展起着极为重要的作用。目前的中国汽车行业的发展
呈井喷状态势，世界各大汽车集团及零部件企业更是看准中国巨大的市场潜力，以
汹涌的遍地开花的战略布局涌入中国汽车市场。竞争者的充分进入，使得汽车行业
竞争日益激烈，为了争取尽可能更多的市场份额，降价成为国内各厂商及各档次车
型最重要的手段。持续的中国车市降价狂潮时至今日仍然不衰，主机厂降价引发配
件企业加入降价潮流。降完整车又降配件的行动，已成为近两年中国车市的主旋律。
企业间的激烈竞争直接导致整个行业利润的下降，这就要求整车企业及零配件企业
增强成本管理的能力，降低成本支出，以此获取利润。
但是汽车行业的集中采购，特别是非生产性物料的采购还存在一些特殊性和问
题需要解决。在全球化公司成本严格控制的大环境下，大部分公司已经意识到非生
产性物料采购的独特性及其重要性，与生产性物料有着同样的，举足轻重的地位。
非生产性物料的采购具有采购频繁、批量较小、不确定性、采购订单数量较多，采
购成本相对较高等特点。
在现今这个快速发展的时代，市场环境和客户需求不断在变化，这就要求一个
优秀的供应链在持续改进的过程中不断完善，进一步提高效率，降低采购成本，这
样才能快速适应客户需求和外部环境的变化。因此，企业需要持续优化供应链，不
断进行信息收集、分析、诊断、改进和控制的供应链优化过程。而供应链的整合和
优化也是企业的集约化管理的重要决策之一。从单一的企业角度来看，供应链的优
化是指企业通过改善上、下游供应链关系，整合和优化供应链中的信息流、物流、
资金流，从而获得企业的竞争优势。此篇文章以 A 公司的非生产物料的集中采购策
略为研究对象，提出了非生产性物料供应链优化方案，希望能够提高规模采购优势，
最大程度地降低非生产性物料的采购成本。
==>>