近几年，随着互联网时代的来临及人们生活水平的提高，对食品尤其对冷冻食 品、生鲜类食品、蔬菜水果、奶制品等的质量和口感的要求也在不断增加，与之相关 的冷链物流迅速发展。与此同时，消费者对食品的消费需求也在不断升级，冷链零担 物流得以快速发展。冷链零担物流承接有温控需求的零担货物的物流业务，并将货物 安全及时地派送给不同的消费者，整个冷链零担物流的过程中会涉及到收集货源、短 暂存储、分拣、出货装车、运输等多个环节，冷链零担物流整个操作流程中的风险发 生概率相较于常温及冷链整车物流的风险要高出很多。因此，加强对冷链零担物流的 风险管理对提高冷链零担公司运营水平有着重要意义。 四季物流有限公司是一家冷链零担物流运输公司，主要承接上游企业冷冻食品的 冷链零担物流业务，由于承接货物具有温控和零担的运输要求，四季物流有限公司在 开展冷链零担物流活动中存在较高的风险。本文以四季物流有限公司的冷链零担物流 为研究对象，查阅国内外关于冷链物流风险相关的文献，结合该公司的发展现状，运 用熵值法与模糊综合评判的方法针对承运的冷冻食品从收货、储运、分拣、运输四个 环节的作业流程分析其潜在风险因子和影响因素，参考指标体系建立原则，利用专家 调查法筛选关键风险指标，以理论分析和构建数据模型建立了风险评价体系，构建四 季物流有限公司冷链零担风险评估模型，计算指标权重，确定指标的风险等级。最 后，根据四季物流公司冷链零担物流各环节风险因子分析，从收货、储运、分拣、运 输四个环节着手提出了相应因子风险控制措施。通过对四季物流有限公司的风险管理 分析，对该公司冷链零担物流作业流程的目前的风险因子提出相关的控制措施，从而 提高该公司的风险管理水平，使冷链零担物流的运作模式更加规范化。同时为同类型 的冷链零担物流公司及公司高层提供借鉴，及时地控制其风险点，完善且规范其冷链 零担物流的风险管理，促进冷链零担物流企业的管理水平的提升。 关键词：四季物流有限公司；冷链零担物流；风险管理；风险控制措施 III Abstract In recent years, with the advent of the Internet era and the improvement of people’s living standards, the requirements for the quality and taste of foods, especially frozen foods, fresh foods, vegetables, fruits, and dairy products, have also been increasing. Cold chain logistics has developed rapidly. At the same time, consumer demand for food is also constantly upgrading, and cold chain LTL logistics has developed rapidly.Cold Chain LTL Logistics undertakes the logistics business of LTL goods with temperature control needs, and delivers the goods safely and timely to different consumers. The entire cold chain LTL logistics process will involve the collection of sources of supply, short-term storage, sorting, and export For cargo, truck, transportation and other links, the probability of risk occurrence in the entire operation process of cold chain LTL logistics is much higher than the risk of room temperature and cold chain vehicle logistics.Therefore, strengthening the risk management of cold chain LTL logistics is of great significance to improving the operation level of cold chain LTL companies. In this paper, Four Seasons Logistics Co., Ltd. is a cold chain LTL logistics and transportation company. It mainly undertakes the cold chain LTL transportation business of frozen foods of upstream enterprises. Due to the temperature control and LTL transportation requirements of the goods undertaking, Four Seasons Logistics Co., Ltd. There is a higher risk.This article takes Cold Chain LTL Logistics of Four Seasons Logistics Co., Ltd. as the research object, consults the domestic and foreign literature on cold chain logistics risks, combines the company's development status, and uses the entropy value method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to target the frozen food from The process of receiving, storing and transporting, sorting and transporting the four stages of the operation process analyzes its potential risk factors and influencing factors, refers to the principles of index system establishment, uses expert survey methods to screen key risk indicators, and establishes risks through theoretical analysis and data model construction. Evaluation system, build a cold chain LTL risk assessment model of Four Seasons Logistics Co., Ltd., calculate the index weight, and determine the risk level of the index.Finally, according to the analysis of the risk factors of each link of Cold Chain LTL Logistics of Four Seasons Logistics Company, the risk control strategies of the corresponding factors are proposed from the four links of receiving, storage and transportation, sorting and transportation. Through analysis of the risk management of Four Seasons Logistics Co., Ltd., it proposes relevant optimization strategies for the current risk factors of the company's cold chain LTL logistics operation process, thereby improving the company's risk management level and making the cold chain LTL logistics operation mode IV more standardized . At the same time, it provides reference for companies and senior executives of the same type of cold chain LTL logistics, timely controls their risk points, improves and regulates the risk management of their cold chain LTL logistics, and promotes the improvement of the management level of cold chain LTL logistics enterprises. Keywords: Four Seasons Logistics Co, Ltd;.cold chain LTL logistics; Risk management; Risk control measures V 目 录 第一章 绪论 ......................................................................................................... 1 1.1研究背景和意义 ........................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1研究背景 ............................................................................................................. 1 1.1.2研究意义 ............................................................................................................. 1 1.2国内外研究现状综述 ................................................................................................... 2 1.2.1国外研究现状 ..................................................................................................... 2 1.2.2国内研究现状 ..................................................................................................... 4 1.2.3国内外研究现状述评 ......................................................................................... 6 1.3研究内容 ....................................................................................................................... 6 1.4研究方法及技术路线 ................................................................................................... 7 1.4.1研究方法 ............................................................................................................. 7 1.4.2技术路线 ............................................................................................................. 7 第二章 相关概念及理论基础 ............................................................................. 9 2.1冷链物流及冷链零担物流的相关概念 ....................................................................... 9 2.1.1冷链物流及相关特性 ......................................................................................... 9 2.1.2零担物流及特性 ............................................................................................... 10 2.1.3冷链零担物流及其发展现状 ........................................................................... 10 2.1.4冷链零担物流管理 ........................................................................................... 11 2.2风险管理的概念及过程 ............................................................................................. 11 2.2.1风险识别 ........................................................................................................... 12 2.2.2风险评价 ........................................................................................................... 13 2.2.3风险控制 ........................................................................................................... 13 2.3风险评价理论 ............................................................................................................. 14 2.3.1风险的概念、特征及组成 ..........................................................