I 摘要 现阶段，小微企业在社会经济体系中的重要性已得到了人们的普遍关注，我 国对小微企业的发展及存活也极其重视，小微企业逐渐成为调节经济发展、稳定 社会和谐的重要成员，它一方面能起到增加就业机会与提高经济活力的积极作用， 同时在经济方面具有优化整体经济结构的正面影响。目前，我国小微企业由于受 到自身规模、自身能力等多方面的限制，其在金融体系中的地位仍然未能受到足 够的重视，融资过程中普遍面临的“难”和“贵”的问题很大程度上制约了小微企业成 长发展。而普惠金融产品的诞生则为小微企业融资问题提供了新的机遇。为此， 本研究从普惠金融角度分析小微企业融资过程中出现的问题，旨在为完善小微企 业融资问题提供思路。 文章在总结了国内外学者对于小微企业融资问题及普惠金融的相关研究及理 论的基础上，分析了普惠金融促进小微企业融资的优势；在此基础上，调查了A 市小微企业融资现状，并分析了建设银行普惠金融缓解小微企业融资难的具体实 践；继而，分析了建设银行普惠金融产品缓解小微企业融资难实践中出现的问题， 并分析原因；最后针对小微企业融资难的问题提出相应的对策与建议。具体按照 如下几个方面展开研究，第一部分，具体阐述了此次研究的背景和意义，并进一 步总结了中外相关研究成果，同时明确了此次论文研究的内容和框架，确定研究 方法。第二部分，对普惠金融及小微企业融资的相关理论进行了概述，同时分析 了普惠金融促进小微企业融资的优势。第三部分，介绍了A银行基本情况，分析 了建设银行普惠金融缓解小微企业融资难的具体实践，并对具体案例进行分析。 第四部分，通过问卷调查了解A市小微企业对普惠金融产品和服务的认知、使用 和评价情况；第五部分，分析了建设银行普惠金融缓解小微企业融资难实践中出 现的问题，并对问题产生的原因进行分析，提出产品种类、供需平衡、业务开展、 风险控制、合作障碍等方面的问题和原因。第六部分，针对前面问提到的导致普 惠金融缓解小微企业融资难存在问题及原因，提出产品及服务创新、关注公众需 求、快速贷款业务、管控金融风险、降低合作障碍等策略。 通过本研究可以发现，普惠金融产品在应对小微企业融资问题时，应该从产 品设计、产品供应、业务开展、风险把控、业务合作几个方面着手建设，为小企 业提供综合的金融服务，并逐步解决小企业金融的供需缺口。 关键词：商业银行，小微企业，融资，普惠金融 ABSTRACT II ABSTRACT At present, the importance of small enterprises in the social economic system has received the widespread attention of people, the development of small enterprises in our country and the survival is extremely seriously, small micro enterprises gradually become adjust an important part of economic development, social stability and harmonious, on the one hand it can increase employment opportunities and improve the economic vitality of the positive role, at the same time on the economic front has optimized the structure of the economy as a whole. At present, due to the limitations of their size and capabilities, small and micro enterprises in China still do not receive enough attention in the financial system. The "difficult" and "expensive" problems commonly faced in the financing process largely restrict the growth and development of small and micro enterprises. The emergence of inclusive financial products provides a new opportunity for the financing of small and micro enterprises. Therefore, this study analyzes the problems in the financing process of small and micro enterprises from the perspective of inclusive finance, in order to provide ideas for improving the financing problems of small and micro enterprises. On the basis of summarizing the domestic and foreign scholars' research and theories on financing of small and micro enterprises and inclusive finance, this paper analyzes the advantages of inclusive finance in promoting financing of small and micro enterprises. On this basis, the paper investigated the financing status of small and micro enterprises in A city, and analyzed the concrete practice of the construction Bank's inclusive finance to alleviate the financing difficulties of small and micro enterprises. Then, the paper analyzes the problems of the construction Bank's inclusive financial products in alleviating the financing difficulties of small and micro enterprises, and analyzes the reasons. Finally, the paper puts forward corresponding countermeasures and Suggestions for the financing difficulties of small and micro enterprises. The research is carried out in the following aspects. The first part elaborates the background and significance of this research, and further summarizes relevant research results at home and abroad. Meanwhile, the content and framework of this paper are clarified and the research methods are determined. In the second part, it summarizes the theories of inclusive finance and financing of small and micro enterprises, and analyzes the ABSTRACT III advantages of inclusive finance in promoting financing of small and micro enterprises. The third part introduces the basic situation of Bank A, analyzes the concrete practice of inclusive finance of China Construction Bank to alleviate the financing difficulty of small and micro enterprises, and analyzes specific cases. In the fourth part, the cognition, use and evaluation of inclusive financial products and services of small and micro enterprises in A city are obtained through questionnaire survey. In the fifth part, the paper analyzes the problems in the practice of the inclusive Finance of China Construction Bank to alleviate the financing difficulties of small and micro enterprises, analyzes the causes of the problems, and puts forward the problems and reasons in the aspects of product category, balance of supply and demand, business development, risk control and cooperation obstacles. The sixth part, aiming at the problems and causes of financial inclusion in alleviating financing difficulties of small and micro enterprises mentioned above, puts forward strategies such as product and service innovation, paying attention to public demand, rapid loan business, controlling financial risks and reducing cooperation barriers. Through this study, we can find that the inclusive financial products should be constructed from the aspects of product design, product supply, business development, risk control and business cooperation, so as to provide comprehensive financial services for small enterprises and gradually solve the supply and demand gap of small enterprise finance. Keywords: Commercial banks, small and micro enterprises, financing, Inclusive Finance 目录 IV 目 录 第一章 绪论 .................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 选题背景 ............................................................................................................ 1 1.2 研究意义 ............................................................................................................ 2 1.3 国内外研究现状 ................................................................................................ 3 1.3.1 国外研究现状 ........................................................................................ 3 1.3.2 国内研究现状 ........................................................................................ 4 1.3.3 文献述评 ................................................................................................ 7 1.4 研究内容及框架 ................................................................................................ 7 1.4.1 研究内容 ................................................................................................ 7 1.4.2 研究框架 ................................................................................................ 8 1.5 研究方法 ............................................................................................................ 9 第二章 相关概念和理论概述 ...................................................................................... 10 2.1 普惠金融相关理论 .......................................................................................... 10 2.1.1 普惠金融概念 ...................................................................................... 10 2.1.2 普惠金融特点 ....................................................................................... 11 2.2 小微企