I 摘要 高铁作为国民经济重要组成部分、大众化出行工具和重要的基础设施，在我国现代 化发展历程中发挥着极其重要的作用。随着国家“一带一路”工程项目的全面推进，也 给高铁的建设发展带来了新的机遇。但与此同时，对高铁工程建设项目的质量也提出了 更高的要求。高铁“四电”建设项目作为高铁工程项目的重要组成部分，施工过程复杂， 技术含量高，需要严格执行有关标准规范和验收要求，而如何保证其工程过程中的质量 安全需要引起极大关注。然而，当前高铁“四电”建设项目传统质量链条上存在中心化 管控、各参与主体彼此不信任以及质量信息不对称等问题，导致各参与主体之间无法实 现质量信息和工程资源的有效共享，各单位之间质量管理相对独立，协同质量管理效果 较差。因此，本文以高铁“四电”建设项目为研究对象，区块链和质量链协同管理相结 合构建新的高铁“四电”建设项目质量管理模式，以改善传统工程质量链缺乏信任和各 参与主体质量管理各自为政、信息不共享的问题，进而提升整体工程质量链运作效率。 本文通过对高铁“四电”建设项目传统质量链现状的介绍，从组织、项目管理和质 量信息传递三个层面对高铁“四电”建设项目传统质量链存在的问题做了进一步的分析， 从而得出当前高铁“四电”建设项目质量管理的根本问题是各参与主体之间的不信任和 质量信息共享不透明。在此基础上，从纵向和横向两个维度对高铁“四电”建设项目传 统质量链的协同管理进行分析，进而引入区块链，阐述了区块链应用于工程质量链协同 管理的契合性及优势。因此，构建出基于区块链的高铁“四电”建设项目质量链协同管 理模式，并从高铁“四电”建设项目的物资供应质量链分析了其具体的应用过程，以期 为提高“四电”工程其他质量链条的质量管理水平提供借鉴。主要研究成果如下： （1）分析了高铁“四电”建设项目传统质量链存在的主要问题，涵盖三大方面，即 组织、项目管理和质量信息传递，主要表现为：工程质量中心化管控、质量能力不协调、 组织信任关系脆弱、协同管理机制缺失、质量风险监管追溯困难、质量信息不对称和质 量信息安全性不足等，这也是本文选择区块链这一信息技术进行协同管理的主要原因。 （2）建立基于区块链的高铁“四电”建设项目质量链协同管理框架模式。通过嵌入 区块链从质量链工程主体、工程过程和信息共享三个维度分析其应用过程，进而搭建基 于区块链的高铁“四电”建设项目质量链协同管理框架模式，并对其运作流程进行分析。 （3）针对高铁“四电”建设项目中的物资供应质量链，应用区块链对其质量协同管 理过程进行具体分析，并借助Stackelberg博弈模型，进一步论证了区块链的嵌入对高铁 “四电”建设项目物资供应质量链上各参与主体所带来的协同管理效益，为“四电”工 程其他质量链条的质量管理工作提供借鉴。 关键词：高铁“四电”建设项目；质量链；协同；区块链；参与主体；信息共享 Abstract II Abstract As an important component of the national economy, popular travel tools and important infrastructure, high-speed rail plays an extremely important role in China's modernization development. With the comprehensive advancement of the national “Belt and Road” project, it also brings new opportunities for the construction and development of high-speed rail. But at the same time, higher quality is also required for high-speed rail construction projects. As an important part of the high-speed rail project, the "four power" construction project of the high- speed rail has a complicated construction process and high technical content. It is necessary to strictly implement the relevant standards and acceptance requirements, and how to ensure the quality and safety of its engineering process needs great attention. However, the current high- speed rail "Four Power" construction project has problems such as centralized management and control, mistrust of each participant and asymmetry of quality information in the traditional quality chain of the high-speed rail construction project, which prevents the effective sharing of quality information and engineering resources among the participants. The quality management among the units is relatively independent, and the effect of collaborative quality management is relatively poor. Therefore, this article takes the high-speed rail "four power" construction project as the research object, and combines the blockchain and quality chain collaborative management to build a new high-speed rail "four power" construction project quality management model to improve the lack of trust and participation of the traditional engineering quality chain subject quality management has its own problems and information is not shared, thereby improving the overall engineering quality chain operation efficiency. This article introduces the current status of the traditional quality chain of the "four power" construction project of the high-speed railway, and further analyzes the problems existing in the traditional quality chain of the "four power" construction project of the high-speed railway from the three levels of organization, project management and quality information transmission. It is concluded that the fundamental problem of the current high-speed rail "four power" construction project quality management is the mistrust among the participants and the opaque quality information sharing. On this basis, the traditional quality chain collaborative management of the high-speed rail "four power" construction project is analyzed from the vertical and horizontal dimensions, and then the blockchain is introduced to explain the suitability of the blockchain for the engineering quality chain collaborative management And advantages. Therefore, a high-speed rail "four power" construction project quality chain collaborative management model based on blockchain was constructed, and its specific application process was analyzed from the material supply quality chain of the high-speed rail "four power" construction project, with a view to improving the "four power" "It provides a reference for the quality management level of other quality chains in the project. The main research results are as follows: (1) The main problems of the traditional quality chain of the "four power" construction Abstract III project of the high-speed railway are analyzed, covering three major aspects, namely organization, project management and quality information transmission, which are mainly manifested in: centralized management of engineering quality, uncoordinated quality capabilities, fragile organizational trust relationships, lack of collaborative management mechanisms, difficulty in tracing quality risk supervision, asymmetry in quality information, and insufficient quality information security are the main reasons why this paper chooses blockchain as an information technology for collaborative management. (2) Establish a quality chain collaborative management framework model for high-speed rail "four power" construction projects based on blockchain. By embedding the blockchain, the application process is analyzed from the three dimensions of the quality chain engineering main body, engineering process and information sharing, and then the quality chain collaborative management framework model of the high-speed rail "four electricity" construction project based on the blockchain is built and its operation process for analysis. (3) For the material supply quality chain in the high-speed rail "four power" construction project, the blockchain is used to analyze its quality collaborative management process, and the Stackelberg game model is used to further demonstrate the embedding of the blockchain in the high-speed rail "four power" construction. The collaborative management benefits brought by the participating entities in the project material supply quality chain provide a reference for the quality management of other quality chains in the " four power " project. Keywords: High-speed rail " four power " construction project; quality chain; collaboration; block chain; participants; information sharing. 目 录 IV 目 录 北京建筑大学硕士学位论文原创性声明 ...... I 北京建筑大学硕士学位论文版权使用授权书 ............................. I 摘要 ........................... I Abstract ............................ II 第1章 绪 论 ............... 1 1.1 研究背景、目的和意义 .