-I- 中文摘要 随着普惠金融概念的引入与实施，普惠金融能够带来的好处和作用在整个市 场金融环境中日益显现。其中，小微企业群体的发展在促进 就业、经济改革、改 善民生等涉及我国基本经济面方面起着重要作用。也可以说是我国国民经济的重 要支柱之一。 对于中国的小微企业而言，普惠金融能够提供给小微企业更全 面的金融服务， 让小微企业同大企业一样平等的享受金融服务的权利，有利于小微企业又好又快 发展，在社会主义市场经济的发展建设里发挥更大作用，推动中国经济社会全面 发展。本文以J农商行为研究对象，从J农商行普惠金融服务小微企业的现状着 手研究，分析普惠金融的未来趋势，探讨在服务小微企业中存在的问题，并就每 一问题提出相应对 策和建议，希望能够提高普惠金融服务效率，增强金融机构服 务能力，解决小微企业在融资方面的困扰，推动小微企业又好又快发展。 关键词：普惠金融；小微企业；农商行； 金融创新；弱势群体 黑龙江大学硕士学位论文 -II- Abstract With the introduction and implementation of the concept of inclusive finance, the benefits and functions that inclusive finance can bring are increasingly apparent in the whole financial environment of the market. Among them, the development of small and micro enterprises plays an important role in promoting employment, economic reform, improving people's livelihood and other aspects related to the basic economic aspects of China. It can also be said to be one of the important pillars of China's national economy. For China's small micro enterprises, pratt &whitney finance can provide small micro enterprise, more comprehensive financial services for small micro enterprises as well as large enterprises equal enjoy the rights of the financial services to small micro enterprises to develop fast and well, in the development of socialist market economy construction, play a bigger role in promoting China's economic and social development in an all-round way. To J agribusiness research object in this article, from J bank pratt &whitney financial services to small micro enterprise the present situation of research, analysis of pratt &whitney financial future trends, this paper probes into the problems in the service of small micro enterprises, and puts forward some countermeasures and Suggestions on every issue, hope to be able to improve the efficiency of pratt &whitney financial services, strengthen financial institutions service ability, in financing problems of small micro enterprises, promoting the development of small micro enterprise, nice and fast. Key words: GSP; Small and micro enterprises; Agricultural and commercial bank; Finanecial innovation; Vulnerable groups 目录 -III- 目录 中文摘要 ........................................................................................................................... I Abstract ........................................................................................................................... II 绪论 .................................................................................................................................. 1 一、研究背景 ........................................................................................................... 1 二、研究的目的和意义 ........................................................................................... 2 （一）课题研究的目的 .................................................................................... 2 （二）课题研究的意义 .................................................................................... 2 三、国内外研究综述 ............................................................................................... 3 （一）国内研究现状 ........................................................................................ 3 （二）国外研究现状 ........................................................................................ 5 （三）国内外研究述评 .................................................................................... 6 四、主要内容和研究方法 ....................................................................................... 7 （一）主要内容 ................................................................................................ 7 （二）研究方法 ................................................................................................ 7 第一章 相关理论基础 .................................................................................................... 9 第一节 普惠金融相关理论 ..................................................................................... 9 一、普惠金融 .................................................................................................... 9 二、金融创新理论 .......................................................................................... 10 三、交易成本创新理论（希克斯与尼汉斯） .............................................. 10 第二节 小微企业相关理论 .................................................................................... 11 一、金融排斥理论 ........................................................................................... 11 二、麦克米伦缺口 ........................................................................................... 11 三、中国的麦克米伦缺口 .............................................................................. 12 第三节 普惠金融服务小微企业相关理论 ........................................................... 12 一、信贷配给理论 .......................................................................................... 12 黑龙江大学硕士学位论文 -IV- 二、风险管理理论 .......................................................................................... 13 本章小结 ................................................................................................................. 13 第二章 J农商行普惠金融服务小微企业的现状 及问题分析 .................................... 15 第一节 J农商行普惠金融服务小微企业的现状 ................................................. 15 一、J农商行 小微企业金融服务主要业务 .................................................... 15 二、J农商行普惠金融服务小微企业的组织架构 ........................................ 17 三、J农商行普惠金融服务小微企业模式与做法 ........................................ 19 四、J农商行普惠金融服务小微 企业成效 .................................................... 20 第二节 J农商行发展普惠金融服务小微企业存在的问题 ................................. 22 一、监 管机制不健全 ...................................................................................... 22 二、普惠金融信用体系不健全 ...................................................................... 23 三、金融产品创新能力薄弱 .......................................................................... 23 四、银行与企业之间的信息不对称 .............................................................. 23 五、小微企业抵御风险能力较差 .................................................................. 25 六、融资渠道相对狭窄 .................................................................................. 25 七、小微企业有效抵质押物短缺 .................................................................. 26 本章小结 ................................................................................................................. 26 第三章 J农商行普惠金融服务小微企业SWOT与 PEST分析 ............................... 27 第一节 J农商行普惠金融服务小微企业SWOT分析 ....................................... 27 一、普惠金融带给小微企业发 展的优势 ...................................................... 27 二、发展普惠金融中存在的劣势 .................................................................. 28 三、普惠金融促进小微企业发展的机遇 ...................................................... 29 四、普惠金融服务小微企业面临的挑战 ...................................................... 30 第二节 J农商行普惠金融服务小微企业PEST分析 ......................................... 32 一、政治环境分析 .......................................