智能机器人是当下的典型产物，科技的迅速发展，一个属于智能 机器人的时代即将到来。生活中的智能机器人给人们带来了极大的便 利，在交通、医疗、安全、卫生和教育等行业都可以看到它们的身影。 道德问题随智能机器人的出现就一直在被讨论，人们该为智能机器人 制定何种行为方式和道德规范，这些都是时下需要解决的问题。 以往的研究主要集中于探讨机器道德伦理，以及对机器人事故的 责任归属问题，却很少涉及智能机器的行为准则，而对于道德判断的 研究也止步于对人类自身行为的研究。本文希望借用经典的道德困境 来探究智能机器人在道德判断中的行为方式。实验一通过生理指标来 测量个体对于智能机器人道德判断的情绪反应。实验二进一步借助 ERP 技术，研究个体对智能机器人道德判断方式背后的神经机制。 本文研究结果表明，个体对于智能机器人的看法上，更加希望其 在道德困境做出功利主义行为。当智能机器人做出功利式行为时，人 们的情绪唤醒程度和不愉悦程度都要明显地低于人类代理做出相同 行为。通过生理实验，进一步发现生理唤醒和负性情绪具有相关性， 初步表明，负性情绪影响了人们对于智能机器人道德判断的看法。脑II 电实验结果表明，在对智能机器人做出道德判断时，与情绪反应相关 的 P260 成分振幅更小。这些结果表明，个体对两类代理对象在道德 判断方式上有所差异，即对智能机器人在道德要求上更加宽松，而情 绪是影响其做出不同决策主要的因素。 关键词， 道德两难困境， 智能机器人， 情绪反应， SCL， ERP 论文类型，理论研究III Research on the Brain Mechanism of Individuals Moral Judgment on Intelligent Robots ABSTRACT Intelligent robots are a typical example of the current era. With the rapid development of technology, an era of intelligent robots is coming. Intelligent robots in life bring great convenience to people, and they can be seen in the transportation, medical,safety,healthandeducationindustries. Ethicalissueshavebeendiscussedwith the advent of intelligent robots. What behaviors and ethics should be developed for intelligent robots are issues that people need to solve. Previous research has focused on the machine ethics and the attribution of responsibility for robotic accidents, rarely involves the standard of conduct of intelligent machines, and the study of moral judgment also stops at the study of human behavior. This article intends to use the classic moral dilemma to explore how intelligent robots behave in moral judgment. Experiment 1 uses physiological indicatorstomeasuretheemotionalresponsetothemoraljudgmentofintelligent robots. In the experiment 2, the ERPtechnologyis used to studythe neural mechanisms behind the intelligent judgment of intelligent robots. The results of this study show that individuals' perceptions of intelligent robots are more likely to make utilitarian behaviors in ethical dilemmas. When the intelligent robots make utilitarian behavior, the degree of awakening and unpleasantness of the people are significantly lower than that of the human agent. Through physiological experiments, it is further found that physiological arousal and negative emotions show strong correlation, and it is initially shown that the generation of negative emotions affects people's views on the moral judgment of intelligent robots. Subsequent ERP experiments show that when making moral judgments on intelligent robots, the amplitude of P260 related to emotional response is smaller. These results show that individuals have different ethical judgments on the two types of agent objects, that is, the ethical requirements of intelligent robots are more relaxed, and emotions are theIV main factors that influence their decision making. KEYWORDS: Moral dilemma; Intelligent robot; Emotionalresponse,SCL,ERP TYPE OF DISSERTATION / THESIS: Theoretical Research浙江工业大学硕士学位论文 个体对智能机器人道德判断的机制研究 V 目 录 1 绪论..................................................1 1.1 研究背景....................................................1 1.2 研究目的、意义及创新点......................................2 1.2.1 研究目的................................................2 1.2.2 研究意义................................................2 1.2.3 创新点..................................................3 1.3 研究思路与流程设计..........................................3 1.3.1 研究思路................................................3 1.3.2 研究流程设计............................................4 2 研究现状 ..............................................6 2.1 道德判断研究 ................................................6 2.1.1 道德判断的模型..........................................6 2.1.2 道德判断的神经机制......................................9 2.2 智能机器人研究 .............................................11 2.2.1 智能机器人的定义.......................................11 2.2.2 智能机器人的发展.......................................12 2.2.3 智能机器人的道德伦理研究...............................12 2.3 相关研究的技术方法 .........................................13 2.3.1 皮电基础...............................................13 2.3.2 皮肤电的相关研究.......................................14 2.3.3 脑电图（EEG）..........................................15 2.3.4 ERP 技术 ...............................................16 2.4 研究评述...................................................17 2.4.1 对智能机器人的道德判断缺乏了解.........................18 2.4.2 人机道德判断差异背后的机制不明.........................18 3 基于生理唤醒的个体对智能机器人的道德判断研究..........20 3.1 研究目的及假设 .............................................20 3.1.1 研究目的...............................................20 3.1.2 研究假设...............................................21浙江工业大学硕士学位论文 个体对智能机器人道德判断的机制研究 VI 3.2 研究方法...................................................22 3.2.1 实验被试...............................................22 3.2.2 实验仪器及设备.........................................22 3.2.3 实验材料...............................................23 3.2.3 实验设计和流程.........................................23 3.3 实验结果与分析 .............................................25 3.3.1 行为结果分析...........................................25 3.3.2 生理结果分析...........................................30 3.3.3 相关性分析.............................................30 3.4 小结.......................................................31 4 基于 EEG 的个体对智能机器人的道德判断研究..............32 4.1 研究目的及假设 .............................................32 4.1.1 研究目的...............................................32 4.1.2 研究假设...............................................32 4.2 研究方法...................................................33 4.2.1 实验被试...............................................33 4.2.2 实验仪器及设备.........................................33 4.2.3 实验材料...............................................34 4.2.4 实验程序...............................................35 4.2.5 数据处理...............................................36 4.3 实验结果与分析 .............................................37 4.3.1 行为结果分析...........................................37 4.3.2 ERP 结果分析 ...........................................39 4.3.3 相关性分析.............................................45 4.4 小结.......................................................46 5 研究讨论 .............................................47 5.1 实验一讨论 .................................................47 5.2 实验二讨论 .................................................49 6 研究结论、不足与展望 .................................53 6.1 研究结论...................................................53 6.2 研究不足...................................................54 6.3 研究展望...................................................55浙江工业大学硕士学位论文 个体对智能机器人道德判断的机制研究 VII