摘任石.3丈 天然气是一种极为理想和相当安全的能源。21世纪是天然气的黄金时代。管 道输送是天然气输送的基本方式,实践证明,对于大规模输送天然气采用管道输 送是最经济和有效的输送方式。但是由于输气干线的建设受城市气化条件,经济 实力,用户气价承受能力等综合因素的限制,使得这种输送方式在一些特殊的地 区难以形成大范围联网,供应范围受到限制,只能向长输管道沿线城镇供气。深 幼沛未来的天然气供应系统也将面临这样的问题。因此如何满足长输管线周边中 小城镇的天然气需求,将成为一个新的研究课题。天然气除管道运输外,还可一以 采用其他两种非管道输送方式。一种是建设液化天然气(LNG)卫星站,将天然 气液化后再进行贮运至城镇;另一种方式是建设压缩天然气(CNG)站,将天然 气净化压缩后,装在专门的容器内用汽车运送至城镇。 液化天然气气化供应站(以下简称LNG卫星站)是将液化天然气通过二次运 输进入远离中心城市的液化天然气工厂的城镇或卫星城市提供天然气气源的天然 气气源站。LNG卫星站通常建设在距离LNG工厂具有30~200公里的城镇,在该 站内建设一定数量的储存设施,通过汽车、槽船等便利的运输工具将液化天然气 运入卫星站,在站内气化后的液化天然气进入城市管网供各类用户使用。 由于液化天然气卫星站的建设是一项技术复杂的、投资较高的工程,具有与 常规天然气输送工艺不同的特点,液化天然气工艺需要许多关键的技术支撑,本 文的目的是通过对液化天然气的性质和工艺的了解,以及对关键技术的分析,来 探讨城市LNG卫星站建设的可行性。 关键词:LNG,卫星站重庆大学硕士学位报告英文摘要 ABSTRACT Amongtheenergies,naturalgas(brieflyNG)15asafeandgreatone.21th15the PrimetimeofNG.PIPetransPort15oneofthemostPoPularmeansofNGtransPort. Praeticeindieates:PIPetransPort15oneofthemosteConomiealandeffieientmeansof largesealeofNGtransPort.However,insomedistrietsPIPetransPorteannotformsa bigNGsuPPlyingnet,theextensioninareaofNGProvision15limited,onlyeansuPply totheeities(towns)alongthePIPe一system,fortheintegratedfactorsofrestrietion, suehastherateofthePeoPleWhouseNGastheirmainfuel,theeeonomicstateandthe extendofNGPrieeofPeoPle’5affordinginaeity(town).TheProvisionsystemof Shenzhenwillfaeethisissue,future.Therefore,howtofulfillthedemandofNGthe normalorsmalleities(towns),willbeeomeanothernewstudyProieet. BesidesPIPetransPort,NGalsoeanbetransPortedbyothernon一PIPemeans.one 15toconstructliquefiednaturalgas(brieflyLNG)Subordinatestations,throughwhieh NGeanbePottedandearriedtosmalleites(towns)afterbeingliquefied.Theother15to eonstrueteomPressednaturalgas(brieflyCNG)stations,throughwhiehNGeanPut intosomesPecialveSSelSthencarriedtoSmallcities(towns)afterbeingPurifiedand eomPressed. LNGsubordinatestation15thestationwhiehNGeanbetransPortedtoinsmall eitesorsubordinateeitesandfarawayfromtheLNGPlantsineentraleites,suPPlyNG totheeitesaroundthem.LNGsubordinatestationsarealways30一ZOOkmsfarfrom LNGPlantsandhaveaeertainnumberofequiPmentsforreservation.Through vehieles、shiPsete,LNGeanbetransPortedtosubordinatestations,thenLNGeanbe suPPliedtoallkindsofusersafterbeingevaPorated、 ForthehigheostandeomPlieatederaftsofthesubordinatestation’5eonstruetion,it hasdifferentfeatureseomParedtonormalcrafts.TheLNGeraftneedstheassistaneeof manyerucialteehniques.Theaimsofthisbook15tosPeeulateonthefeasibilityof subordinatestation’5eonstruetionafterlearningtheProPerties、eraftsofLNGand analyzingtheerueialteehniques. Keywords:LNqsubordinatestation 毕重庆大学硕士学位报告目录 目录 中文摘要 ..................................................................................... 、‘、、‘..…‘..…‘..............,.1 英文摘要 ...................................................................................................... ,…‘..…,..…、…n 1绪论 ............................................................................................................................ 、..…,1 1 . 1液化天然气(LNG)气化供应站概述...............................................................................1 1 . 1 . 1液化天然气简介..........................................................................................................1 1 . 1 . 2世界LNG卫星站现状................................................................................................4 1 . 1.3LNG液化厂的发展及趋势........................................................................................,5 1 . 2深圳市发展LNG卫星站的重要意义 ................................................................................. 5 ZLNG卫星站的建设技术关键分析 ..... ,........................................................7 2 . 1LNG卫星站工艺流程简介 ............................................................................................ 7 2 . 1 . 1液化天然气卫早站}_艺系统............................,..................................................7 2 . 1.2LNG卫早站}_艺流程简介…,.......................................................................................8 2 . 2LNG卫星站主要设备 ............. ,...................................................................................8 2 . 2 . 1LNG的储存设备..........................................................................................................8 2 . 2 . 2LNG的运输...............................................................................................................10 2 . 3LNG卫星站冷量利用......................................................................................................13 3建设LNG卫星站的方案选择 ............................................................................. 巧 3 . 1LNG卫星站建设方案选择..............................................................................................15 3 . 1 . 1LNG气化方案的比较 ..... ,....................................................................................巧 3 . 1.2LNG卫星站气化工艺......,...................................................................................16 3 . 1 . 3LNG卫星站控制系统...............................................................................................20 3 . 2输配系统........................................................................................................................22 3 . 2 . 1输配方案及压力级制.................................................................................................22 3 . 2.2管网布置......................................................................................................................22 3 . 2 . 3LNG气化站站址选择及总图方案确定原则............................................................23 3 . 3运输方式及运输工具的选择..........................................................................................24 3 . 4经济分析‘....................................................................................................................24 3 ‘ 4 . 1与液化石油气气化站的投资与运行费用比较 ....................................................... 24 3 . 4 . 2投资与运行费用与日供气量和运输距离的关系....................................................26 3 . 4.3与压缩大然气供气方式的比较.........................,..................................................28 4建设LNG卫星站的可行性 ................................................................................. 33 乡重庆大学硕士学位报告目录 4 . 1LNG卫星站具有管道供应优势.......................................................................................33 4 . 2具有区域优势...............................................................................................................33 4 . 3具有调峰优势................................................................................................................34 4 . 4具有价格优势.................................................................................................................35 5结论....‘......................................................‘二、、....,、.......................................37 致谢 ............................................................................................................................ 39