I A 数据中心分布式能源项目采用 BOT 模式的可行性研究 摘要 能源、环境、发展是人类面临的三大主题，特别是近年来雾霾、 酸雨、飓风等恶劣环境迫使人类优化能源结构，天然气等清洁能源在 能源供给中的比重逐步增加，对清洁能源的综合利用研究从未停止， 分布式能源系统（Distributed Energy System, DES）得到能源研究人 员的关注。其中，冷热电联供系统为分布式能源系统中最为典型的代 表，系统的总效率可达 70%-90%，节能率达到 20-40%，是一种经济、 可靠且环境友好的能源转化系统。因此，天然气分布式冷热电联供系 统的研究对能源消费领域意义深远。 报告分析了分布式能源的优势，并结合当前环境问题，提出可大 力发展分布式能源，报告针对 A 数据中心的特殊性，对 A 数据中心 可采用的技术进行了比较分析，选择“燃气内燃机+烟气热水型溴冷机 +水冷磁悬浮离心机组”的技术方案。报告针对本技术方案按电力行业 概算进行投资估算，在此基础上，对项目进行科学测算，明确项目在 经济效益上是可行的。在此基础上，经过对现阶段我国能源项目常用 的实施模式 EPC、BOT、EMC 三种方式，从投资收益、项目风险及 应对等方面进行了比较，认为 A 数据中心天然气分布式能源项目可 采用 BOT 模式实施，接下来针对本项目采用 BOT 模式实施，参考国 内已经采用 BOT 模式实施的同等级工程，从投资方角度，经分析比 较后得出在收益率超过 8.0%时，项目可采用 BOT 模式建设，但考虑摘要 II 项目实施的各方利益，本数据中心采用 BOT 项目推荐收益率 12%。 最后报告对 A 数据中心分布式能源采用 BOT 模式实施的风险分别从 政策、法律、市场、技术等方面进行了分析，提出了相应的风险分摊 与控制措施。得出 A 数据中心分布式能源项目可采用 BOT 模式实施 的结论。 通过上述结论，本报告能够为现有能源企业及有意向进入能源领 域的企业提供决策参考依据，进而促进我国天然气分布式能源项目的 推广与实施。 关键词，分布式能源系统；冷热电联供系统；BOT；节能减排ABSTRACT III THE FEASIBILITY STUDY OF DISTRIBUTED ENERGY PROJECTS OF A DARA CRNTER IN BOT ABSTRACT Energy, environment and development are the three major subjects that human faces at present, especially smog, acid rain, hurricanes and other bad environment and so on in recent years, that has forces human to optimize energy structure. The proportion of clean energy such as natural gas is gradually increased in energy structure, and the comprehensive utilization of clean energy research has never stopped. Distributed energy system obtains attention by energy researchers. Combined cooling heating and power (CCHP) is the most typical representative of the distributed energy system, the total system efficiency can reach 70%~90%, energy-saving rate of 20-40%, so it is a kind of economic, reliable and environmentally friendly energy conversion systems. Therefore, CCHP systems research has profound significance for energy consumption. This paper analyzes the advantages of distributed energy, combining with the current environmental problems, this paper puts forward that distributed energy can be developed vigorously, aiming at the particularity of a data center, the technology of a data center can be compared and analyzed, and the technical scheme of gas internal combustion engine + flue gas hot water type bromine cooler + water-cooled magnetic levitation Centrifuge Unit is selected. Based on the estimate of the budget of the power industry, this paper makes a scientific calculation of the project, and the project is feasible in economic efficiency. On this basis, after the current China's energy projects commonly used in the implementation of the model of EPC, BOT, EMC three ways, from the investment income, project risk and response and other aspects of the comparison, that a data center of natural gas distributed energy projects can be implemented in bot mode, and then for this project to implement the bot. Reference to the domestic has adopted the BOT model implementation of the same level project, from the perspective of investors, After analysis and comparison, it is concluded that the project can be constructed by BOT mode when the yield exceeds 8%, but considering the benefits of the project implementation, the proposed rate of return of BOT project is 12%. Finally, the paper analyses the risk of implementing BOT mode in a data center, and puts forward the corresponding risk allocation and control measures. It concludes that a distributed energy project in a data center can be implemented by BOT mode.ABSTRACT IV Through the above analysis, this paper can provide the decision reference for the existing energy enterprises and the enterprises that are interested in entering into the energy field, and then promote the popularization and implementation of the natural gas distributed energy projects in China. Zhang xiaohong（MEM） Supervised by Jin jihong Key words: Distributed energy system; Combined cooling heating and power (CCHP); BOT; Conserve energy, reduce emissions.目 录 V 目 录 摘要.............................................................................................................................. I ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................III 目 录.............................................................................................................................V 图表目录....................................................................................................................VII 图目录.................................................................................................................VII 表目录.................................................................................................................VII 第 1 章 绪论..................................................................................................................1 1.1 研究背景与意义...............................................................................................1 1.1.1 研究背景.................................................................................................1 1.1.2 研究意义.................................................................................................2 1.2 文献综述...........................................................................................................3 1.2.1 国外研究现状.........................................................................................3 1.2.2 国内研究现状.........................................................................................4 1.2.3 研究述评.................................................................................................5 1.3 研究内容与方法...............................................................................................6 1.3.1 研究内容.................................................................................................6 1.3.2 研究方法及框架.....................................................................................6 第 2 章 清洁能源与 BOT 相关理论............................................................................8 2.1 清洁能源概念...................................................................................................8 2.1.1 清洁能源的定义.....................................................................................8 2.1.2 清洁能源的特征....................................................................................8 2.2 分布式能源概念与特征...................................................................................9 2.2.1 定义......................................................................................................10 2.2.2 分布式能源系统特征...........................................................................10 2.3 BOT 模式概述................................................................................................11 2.3.1 项目实施模式介绍..............................................................................11 2.3.2 实施模式定义......................................................................................11 2.3.3 BOT 模式概述......................................................................................12 2.3.4 BOT 模式的特点..................................................................................13 2.3.5 BOT 项