DISCUSSION PAPER
INCENTIVE SCHEMES
FOR PROMOTING GREEN SHIPPING
AUTHORS
Renilde Becqué
Freda Fung
Zhixi Zhu
JUNE 2017
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About NRDC
The Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) is an international nonproft environmental organization with more than 2 million members and
online supporters. Since 1970, our lawyers, scientists, and other environmental specialists have worked to protect the world's natural resources,
public health, and the environment. NRDC works in countries and regions including the United States, China, India, Canada, Mexico, Chile, Costa
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Acknowledgments
We would like to gratefully acknowledge the many peer reviewers and colleagues who shared valuable information
and / or reviewed earlier drafts of this discussion paper, including Peter Mollema, Jarl Schoenmakers and Maurits
Prinssen of the Port of Rotterdam, Christine Rigby of the Port of Vancouver, Lisa Wunder of the Port of Los Angeles,
Keita Shinohora of Green Awards, Geraldine Knatz of the University of Southern California, Dan Rutherford and
Xiaoli Mao of the International Council on Clean Transportation, Anna Larsson of Wallenius Wilhelmsen Logistics,
Martin Cresswell of the Hong Kong Shipowners Association, Merijn Hougee of the Clean Shipping Index, Phoebe
Lewis and Victoria Stulgis (both previously) of the Carbon War Room, and other reviewers who will remain
anonymous. All errors are ours however. We also would like to thank Bloomberg Philanthropies and the Rockefeller
Brothers Fund for their generous support for NRDC's Asia Ports work.
Cover photo: flickr/rhemkes/CC BY
INCENTIVE SCHEMES FOR PROMOTING GREEN SHIPPING
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Contents
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BDN Bunker Delivery Notes
CSI Clean Shipping Index
DECA Domestic Emission Control Area
DWTDead Weight Tonnage
ECA Emission Control Area
EEDI Energy Efficiency Design Indexi
EEOI Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator
ESI Environmental Ship Index
EVDI Existing Vessel Design Index
GPP Green Port Program
GSP Green Ship Program
GT Gross Tonnage
GTP Green Technology Program
IAPH International Association of Ports and Harbors
IMO International Maritime Organisation
ISM International Safety Management code
LNG Liquefied Natural Gas
MARPOLInternational Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships
MDO Marine Diesel Oil
MGO Marine Gas oil
NOX Nitrogen Oxides
OGV Ocean Going Vessel
OPS On-shore Power System
SCR Selective Catalytic Reduction
PM Particulate Matter
SOX Sulfur Oxides
TEU Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit (container)
WPCIWorld Ports Climate Initiative
i. The Energy Efciency Design Index (EEDI) is a mandatory regulation introduced by the IMO that applies to all OGVs of 400 gross tonnage or above constructed after 2013 that
operate in international waters.EEDI relates to the design efciency of a vessel and is a performance-based mechanism that does not prescribe specifc technologies or marine fuels.
The EEDI aims to reduce black carbon (BC) and CO2 emissions from new vessels by 20 percent by 2020, and by 30 percent by 2025, compared to a baseline comprised of the average
efciency of OGVs built between 2000 and 2010. Increasingly the currently still voluntary Energy Efciency Operational Indicator (EEOI) is applied in order to measure the opera-
tional in-use fuel efciency performance of a vessel.
Glossary
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