摘要
互联网的迅速发展，改变了人们的工作方式，网络化办公逐渐成为主流的办公模式。
但所谓“网络是把双刃剑”，一方面，网络化的办公提高了企业的运作效率，另一方面，
一个新的管理难题也随之出现，即员工在工作时间，利用公司网络进行与工作不相关的
网上娱乐活动，比如观看电视剧、浏览八卦新闻、与网友线上闲聊、发布线上动态等，
这些行为占据了员工很多的工作时间，严重阻碍着员工工作效率以及工作绩效的提高。
学术界将员工这种反生产行为称为“网络怠工行为”。员工网络怠工行为具有隐蔽性和
危害性的特点，因而越来越成为管理者和学者们关注的焦点。但是，目前国内关于网络
怠工的形成机制研究尚不完善。因此，本研究旨在探讨和完善中国情境下网络怠工的形
成机制，为管理者有效管理员工网络怠工行为提供理论参考。
本研究基于挑战性和阻碍性的二维度压力源分类模型，以挑战性和阻碍性压力源为
解释变量，以网络怠工为被解释变量，探讨挑战性-阻碍性压力源与员工网络怠工间的
影响关系。为进一步剖析挑战性-阻碍性压力源对员工网络怠工的影响机制，引入工作
调节焦点作为中介变量，主管支持作为调节变量，构建了挑战性-阻碍性压力源、工作
调节焦点、网络怠工以及主管支持之间关系的概念模型。为检验该概念模型，本研究运
用问卷调查的方法收集数据，调研的对象为陕西、河南、山西、山东以及安徽等省份的
546名企业员工，然后运用统计软件SPSS25.0和 AMOS24.0完成模型检验。研究结果
表明：（1）挑战性压力源能够显著抑制员工网络怠工，而阻碍性压力源能够显著促进
员工网络怠工；（2）挑战性压力源能够显著正向影响促进型工作焦点，但其对防御型
工作焦点也具有显著的促进作用，而阻碍性压力源对促进型工作焦点具有显著的抑制作
用，对防御型工作焦点具有显著的促进作用；（ 3）促进型工作焦点能够显著负向影响
员工网络怠工，防御型工作焦点则显著正向影响员工网络怠工；（ 4）工作调节焦点在
挑战性-阻碍性压力源与网络怠工之间具有中介效应；（5）主管支持能够显著调节挑战
性和阻碍性压力源对员工工作调节焦点的影响。
本研究发展和完善了中国情境下网络怠工的影响机制研究，有助于企业管理者理解
员工网络怠工行为的形成原因，进而提出合理有效的管理对策，有效减少员工网络怠工
行为。
关键词：挑战性压力源，阻碍性压力源，促进型工作焦点，防御型工作焦点，网络
怠工，主管支持
I
Abstract
The rapid development of the Internet has changed the way people work, and networked
office has gradually become the mainstream office mode. But the so-called "network is a
double-edged sword", on the one hand, networked office improved the operation efficiency of
enterprises, on the other hand, a new management problem also arises, which employees
during working hours, using the corporate network to work not related online entertainment,
such as watching video, browsing gossip, online chatting with friends, published online
dynamic, etc. These behaviors occupy a lot of employees' working time and seriously hinder
the improvement of their work efficiency and performance. This kind of counter-productive
behavior is called "cyberloafing" by the academic community. Because of its concealment and
harmfulness, cyberloafing has become the focus of administrators and scholars. However, the
research on the formation mechanism of cyberloafing in China is still in its infancy. Therefore,
this study aims to explore and improve the formation mechanism of cyberloafing in the
context of China, and provide effective decision-making basis for enterprise managers. Based
on the two-dimension classification model of challenge and hindrance stressors, this study
takeschallenge andhindrance stressorsasexplanatory variablesandcyberloafing as
explained variables toexplore the theimpact of challengeand hindrance stressors on
employees'cyberloafing.Inordertofurtheranalyzetheeffectmechanismof
challenge-hindrance stressors on cyberloafing, a conceptual model of the relationship among
challenge-hindrance stressors, work regulatory focus, cyberloafing, and perceived supervisor
support was constructed with work regulatory focus as a mediator and supervisor support as a
moderator. To test the conceptual model, this study first collected data through questionnaires
from 546 employees in Shaanxi, Henan, Shanxi, Shandong and Anhui provinces, and then
used statistical software SPSS25.0 and AMOS24.0 to complete the model testing. The results
showed that: (1) Challenge stressors had a significant negative effect on cyberloafing, while
hindrance stressors had a significant positive effect on cyberloafing. (2) Challenge stressors
had a significant positive effect on the promotion regulatory focus, but they also had a
significant promoting effect on the prevention regulatory focus, while hindrance stressors had
a significant negative effect on promotion work focus and a significant positive effect on
III