摘要
互联网平台的搭建和移动支付技术的发展使零工经济迅速扩张，出现了大批平台
型灵活就业人员，外卖骑手便是其中的一个典型就业形态，他们面临着新的威胁和挑
战，承受着不同于传统方式的工作压力。由于工作特点和绩效考核的特殊性，外卖平
台的薪酬管理体系让骑手感受到较大的绩效压力，长期在压力下工作对个人身心健康
和外卖平台长期发展都是毫无益处的。对于外卖平台而言，一方面面临市场同行的激
烈竞争，另一方面面临顾客对配送服务需求的不断提升，外卖平台公司想要在竞争激
烈的外卖平台市场中立足，必须给与外卖骑手适当的绩效压力，进而促进骑手的任务
绩效。任务绩效是能直接体现企业和外卖骑手收益的衡量指标，如何对零工经济中的
外卖骑手进行绩效压力下的管理成为企业和学界研究的热点之一。
基于上述背景，论文以外卖骑手为研究对象，首先梳理了绩效压力、压力认知评
估、心理弹性、任务绩效的相关理论和研究，在总结已有研究现状及不足的基础上，
结合压力认知评估理论和资源保存理论，并引入压力认知评估理论中的挑战性评估和
威胁性评估作为中介变量，以心理弹性作为调节变量，探究绩效压力对外卖骑手任务
绩效的作用机理。同时，通过对外卖配送站点走访调研和发放问卷相结合的方式收集
研究数据，运用 SPSS24.0和 AMOS24.0对数据进行统计分析，通过实证分析和假设检
验得出研究结论。
结果表明绩效压力对外卖骑手挑战性评估和威胁性评估均具有正向的促进作用；挑
战性评估对外卖骑手任务绩效具有正向的促进作用，而威胁性评估对外卖骑手任务绩效
具有负向的促进作用；挑战性评估正向中介绩效压力与外卖骑手任务绩效的关系，威胁
性评估负向中介绩效压力与外卖骑手任务绩效的关系；另外，心理弹性对绩效压力与外
卖骑手挑战性评估间关系具有调节作用，当外卖骑手心理弹性较高时，绩效压力对挑战
性评估的的正向作用更强。心理弹性对绩效压力与外卖骑手挑战性评估间关系具有调节
作用，当外卖骑手心理弹性较低时，绩效压力对威胁性评估的的正向作用更强。研究结
论有助于外卖平台完善平台管理机制，减轻外卖骑手绩效压力，同时根据不同个体心理
特质，给与针对性培训，更好激发外卖骑手工作激情，提高任务绩效，助力个人和平台
共同发展。
关键词：绩效压力，任务绩效，压力认知评估，心理弹性
I
Abstract
The construction of Internet platform and the development of mobile payment technology
have led to the rapid expansion of odd jobs economy, and a large number of platform flexible
employees have emerged. Takeout riders are one of the typical employment forms. They are
facing new threats and challenges and bear work pressure different from the traditional way.
The long-term development of the platform is of great physical and psychological benefits to
the riders, and the performance appraisal system has no impact on the long-term physical and
mental health of the riders. For the takeout platform, on the one hand, it is facing the fierce
competition of market peers, on the other hand, it is facing the continuous improvement of
customers' demand for distribution services. If the takeout platform company wants to gain a
foothold in the highly competitive takeout platform market, it must give the takeout rider
appropriate performancepressure, so asto promote therider's task performance.Task
performance is a measure that can directly reflect the income of enterprises and takeout riders.
How to manage takeout riders under the pressure of performance has become one of the
hotspots in enterprises and academia.
Based on the above background, the paper takes takeout riders as the research object. First,
it sorts out therelevant theories and researches onperformance stress, stress cognitive
assessment, psychological resilience, and task performance. Evaluation theory and resource
conservation theory are introduced, and challenge evaluation and threatening evaluation in
stress cognitive evaluation theory are introduced as mediating variables, and psychological
resilience is used as moderator variable to explore the mechanism of performance stress on the
task performance of delivery riders. At the same time, the research data were collected through
the combinationof visiting andinvestigating the takeoutdistribution sites and issuing
questionnaires, and spss24 0 and amos24 0 statistical analysis of the data, and draw the research
conclusion through empirical analysis and hypothesis test.
The results show thatperformance pressure has apositive effect on the challenge
assessment and threat assessment of foreign riders; Challenge assessment has a positive effect
on the task performance of takeout riders, while threat assessment has a negative effect on the
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