大连理工大学专业学位硕士学位论文
摘 要
截至“十三五”结束时，我国城市轨道交通运营规模稳居世界第一，运营总里程超
过 7900 公里。城市轨道交通作为国民经济的重要支柱性产业，在优化城市网络结构布
局、缓解城市交通压力、促进社会区域经济发展等方面发挥越来越重要的作用，带来巨
大的社会效益。“十四五”以及未来一段时期，城市轨道交通在基于“十三五”发展的
基础上，将始终贯彻落实创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的发展理念，坚持交通强国战
略的指导思想，秉承建设中国特色的城轨交通、高质量发展的城轨交通，逐步转向以运
营管理双重并重的城市轨道交通发展方向，进一步推动智慧城轨的建设。
哈尔滨地铁集团是集建设、运营、投资、开发和管理一体化的国有轨道交通企业，
具有区域性轨道交通行业的垄断优势，能够在轨道交通发展统筹规划的基础上对相关资
源进行有效整合，获得高额的边际效益。同时集团在高寒地铁建设和智慧城轨项目开展
等轨道交通专业性领域也取得了成果。但随着“十四五”智慧城轨建设的全面开展，运
营管理双重并重的城市轨道发展方向转型，城市轨道网络规模的不断扩大，集团面临着
线网运营管理、智慧轨道建设等多方面的压力，如何利用城市轨道交通发展的机遇，制
定合理的发展战略，推动集团的可持续发展成为亟待解决的问题。
本文以哈尔滨地铁集团为研究主体，结合城市轨道交通发展形势，在深入研究城市
轨道交通基础理论和发展战略理论的基础上，使用 PEST分析法从政治、市场经济、社
会、技术等宏观环境对集团进行全面分析，运用五力模型分析法对企业的竞争环境进行
深入分析，同时从城轨交通行业深度和行业趋势对集团所处的行业环境进行系统分析，
在企业内部环境分析中，着重从企业资源和企业经营能力两个方面进行深入分析。通过
运用 SWOT 分析法对企业外部机会和威胁、企业内部优势和劣势进行了汇总和分析，
文章做出了能够匹配企业资源和市场环境的发展战略选择，即集团要抓住外部机遇、发
挥内部优势，采取横向一体化、相关多元化的发展战略，推动轨道智慧创新发展。同时
提出了企业发展战略实施方案，以及能够确保战略方案实施的人力资源管理、企业文化、
企业组织架构、企业信息化管理和技术安全管理保障体系。
关键词：发展战略；轨道交通；智慧城轨；哈尔滨地铁集团
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哈尔滨地铁集团发展战略研究
Research on the Development Strategy of Harbin Metro Group
Abstract
By the end of the 13th Five-Year , China's urban rail transit operation scale ranked first in
the world, the total operation length more than 6,000 kilometers. As an important pillar industry
of national economy, urban rail transit plays an increasingly important role in optimizing urban
network structure layout, alleviating urban traffic pressure, promoting social regional economic
development and so on, bringing huge social benefits. The 14th Five-Year and future a period,
the development of urban rail transit will always implement the innovation, coordination, the
development of green, open, sharing ideas, adhere to the traffic strategy guiding ideology,
adhering to the construction of Chinese characteristic of urban rail transit, high quality
development of urban rail transit, Gradually turn to the development direction of urban rail
transit with double emphasis on operation and management, and further promote the
construction of smart city rail.
Harbin Metro Group is a state-owned rail transit enterprise integrating construction,
operation, investment, development and management. It has the monopoly advantage of
regional rail transit industry, and can effectively integrate related resources on the basis of
overall planning of rail transit development, obtaining high marginal benefits. At the same
time, it has made achievements in the professional field of rail transit, such as the metro
construction and the development of smart city rail projects. But as the "difference" wisdom
of the overall urban rail construction, operation management of double pay equal attention to
urban rail development direction transformation, the expansion of the scale of urban rail
network, facing line network operation management, intelligent rail construction aspects of
pressure, how to make use of the urban rail transit development’s opportunity, making
reasonable development strategy, promoting the sustainable development has become an
urgent solved problem.
This thesis takes Harbin Metro Group as the research subject, combined with the
development situation of urban rail transit, and on the basis of in-depth study of the basic
theory of urban rail transit and development strategy theory, using PEST analysis method to
analyze the macro environment of the group from politics, market economy, society,
technology, etc. Carry out a comprehensive analysis, use the five-force model analysis
method to conduct an in-depth analysis of the company’s competitive environment, and at the
same time conduct a systematic analysis of the industry environment where the group is
located from the depth and industry trends of the urban rail transit industry. In the internal
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大连理工大学专业学位硕士学位论文
environment analysis of the company, focus on the company In-depth analysis of two aspects
of resources and business capabilities. By using the SWOT analysis method to summarize and
analyze the external opportunities and threats of the company, the internal advantages and
disadvantages of the company, the thesis makes a development strategy choice that can match
the company's resources and market environment, that is, the group must seize external
opportunities and exert internal advantages, also adopt a development strategy of horizontal
integration and related diversification, promoting the development of rail smart innovation. At
the same time, it puts forward the implementation plan of the enterprise development strategy,
as well as the human resource management, corporate culture, enterprise organization
structure, enterprise information management and technical safety management guarantee
system that can ensure the implementation of the strategic plan.
Key Words：Development strategy; Rail transit; Smart city rail; Harbin Metro Group
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