文本描述
摘 要
HN省是农业大省,近年来一直致力于推进农业高质量发展和现代化农业强省建设,以
农业供给侧结构性改革为主线,以“四优四化”(优质小麦、花生、草畜、林果,布局区域
化、经营规模化、生产标准化、发展产业化)为重点,推进由农业大省向现代化农业强省
的转变。在此背景下,XY市作为“中国石榴之乡”、 国家地理标志产品“河阴软籽石榴”
保护范围,地处黄河流域,土地肥沃,地形以丘陵为主,昼夜温差大,形成了河阴软质石
榴“籽粒大、甜度高、不吐籽”等优势,河阴软籽石榴以其独特的产品优势已成为XY市最
重要的地域名片。本人供职的ZN公司在当地拥有目前国内最大的单体软籽石榴种植基地,
为河阴软籽石榴在国内推广发挥了重要的带头作用。与硬籽石榴相比,软籽石榴皮薄、糖
分高、易糖化,其一般在秋分左右成熟,因此对保鲜要求更高、季节性强、鲜果销售期短。
随着国内种植面积的进一步增加,鲜果盈利能力呈下降趋势,仅依靠鲜果销售已不能满足
ZN公司及当地果农对产品的盈利要求。但目前当地合作社或者农户规模较小,仓储主要以
小型仓库为主,分拣作业以人工作业为主,产业链延伸产品目前主要有家庭作坊自产的石
榴酒,规模小,无法打开市场。随着鲜果盈利能力下降和自有种植基地产量增加,ZN公司
现有存储加工业务存在因仓储容量不足以及由其引起的物流成本率增长过快、客户满意度
降低等问题;加工业务机械化、自动化程度低导致作业效率低,加工产品无法实现量产投
入市场。为解决上述问题,ZN公司拟投资以延伸产业链、延长产品销售期、提升作业效率
为目的的万吨存储加工项目,该项目既是公司战略布局也是行业产业延伸的尝试。该项目
在软籽石榴行业属标杆性项目,对提升企业盈利能力、带动农村劳动力就业、增加农民收
入和行业示范性都有促进作用。
本文主要研究 ZN 公司拟投资建设年处理能力为万吨软籽石榴的存储加工项目投资决
策,全文共分为七个部分。第一部分主要介绍了该项目的研究背景、研究意义、国内外专
家学者的研究现状并进行了文献评述,对研究内容、思路和方法进行了梳理。第二部分是
相关概念与理论基础。作者对国内外固定资产项目投资决策理论进行收集和整理,吸取前
人研究的精华,充实本项目研究;理论基础和决策评价方法上,从现金流量、货币时间价
值、财务风险管理理论出发,将投资决策的确定性分析方法和不确定分析方法进行阐述,
构建了本文的理论基础。确定性分析方法主要对投资回收期和会计报酬率、净现值、内含
报酬率、动态回收期进行了分析阐述,不确定分析方法主要从敏感性分析、蒙特卡洛模拟
等方面进行了分析阐述。第三部分是公司及存储加工业务现状介绍。主要介绍了 ZN 公司
的股东、主营业务及其存储加工业务现存的主要问题,说明了项目投资的目的主要是为了
解决这些现存问题。第四部分是存储加工项目的投资环境分析,分别从公司的财务能力、
内部核心优势进行内部环境分析,从政策、市场、技术和社会效益进行外部环境分析,为
下文的项目投资决策奠定基础。第五部分是存储加工项目投资效益分析。该部分从项目构
I
成、备选方案的物业条件进行介绍、分析比较,通过对项目的投资估算、资金来源、数据
预测原则为项目备选方案经营数据的预测奠定基础,并对备选方案的现金流量和损益数据
进行了合理预测;以预测数据为基础,对项目备选方案的财务效益进行分析评价。第六部
分为存储加工项目投资风险分析及控制措施,通过运用敏感性测试对影响投资项目累计净
现值和内含报酬率的敏感因素进行识别和分析,运用蒙特卡洛模拟对备选方案的风险进行
了多因素、动态的模拟和分析,并从投资人的角度运用蒙特卡洛模拟运行出的低于预期均
值收益率样本运用 Sortino Ratio对项目备选方案的下行风险进行了分析。本部分最后通过
对备选方案的分析和比较,做出方案选择的判断,并对建议选定方案面临的风险提出控制
措施。第七部分是结论和建议,在对全文进行总结的基础上,得出决策结论和研究结论,
反省不足,并结合所学知识对该项目投资做出相关建议。
ZN 企业万吨存储加工项目的投资,对软籽石榴行业探索延长产品的销售期间(不再局
限于每年的第四季度)、拓展产品种类、提升作业效率及降低产品腐烂损耗率具有重要的示
范意义。但是大型固定资产项目的投资周期长、金额大,对始终面临融资难问题的民营农
业企业来讲类似项目投资的成功与否与企业的生死存亡休戚相关。所以,在本存储加工项
目投资前,有必要对本次投资进行全面的财务评价和风险分析,谨慎地选择出最优的投资
方案,据以做出该项目的投资决策。
关键词:存储加工项目;投资决策;财务评价
II
Abstract
Henan Province is a big agricultural province. In recent years, it has been committed to
promoting the high-quality development of agriculture and the construction of a strong modern
agricultural province. Taking the structural reform of the agricultural supply side as the main line,
and focusing on the "four advantages and four modernizations" (high-quality wheat, peanut, grass
and livestock, forest and fruit, regionalization of layout, large-scale operation, standardization of
production and industrialization of development), it has promoted the transformation from a big
agricultural province to a strong modern agricultural province. In this context, Xingyang city as
the "hometown of pomegranate in China", Heyin soft seed pomegranate, a national geographical
indication product, is located in the Yellow River Basin, with fertile land, hilly terrain and large
temperature difference between day and night. Heyin soft seed pomegranate has the advantages of
"big grain, high sweetness and no spitting seeds". Heyin soft seed pomegranate has become the
most important regional name card of Xingyang city with its unique product advantages. The Zn
company I work for has the largest single soft seed pomegranate planting base in China, which
plays an important leading role in the promotion of Heyin soft seed pomegranate in China.
Compared with hard seed pomegranate, soft seed pomegranate has thin skin, high sugar content
and easy to be saccharified. It generally matures around the autumnal equinox, so it has higher
requirements for preservation, strong seasonality and short sales period of fresh fruit. With the
further increase of domestic planting area, the profitability of fresh fruit shows a downward trend.
Relying only on fresh fruit sales can not meet the profitability requirements of Zn company and
local fruit farmers. However, at present, the scale of local cooperatives or farmers is small, the
storage is mainly small warehouses, and the sorting operation is mainly manual operation. At
present, the products of industrial chain extension mainly include pomegranate wine produced by
family workshops, which is too small to open the market. With the decline of the profitability of
fresh fruits and the increase of the output of its own planting base, the existing storage and
processing business of Zn company has some problems, such as insufficient storage capacity, rapid
growth of logistics cost rate and reduction of customer satisfaction; The low degree of
mechanization and automation of processing business leads to low operation efficiency, and the
processed products cannot be mass produced and put into the market. The low degree of
mechanization and automation of processing business leads to low operation efficiency, and the
processed products cannot be mass produced and put into the market. In order to solve the above
problems, Zn company plans to invest in a 10000 ton storage and processing project aimed at
extending the industrial chain, extending the product sales period and improving operation
III
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