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I 摘要 这些年伴随国内地产市场的飞快发展,将个人住房抵押贷款作为核心的地 产金融获得迅速的发展。在银行消费信贷业务当中最为关键的构成部分之一则 是个人住房信贷。我国贷款形式丰富多样,对于放贷机构来说,个人住房抵押 类型的贷款形式是一种优质资产,然而依据当前的发展状况,隐含的风险已然 逐步体现出来。要是不对当前个人住房抵押贷款相关的风险管控模式予以创新 及优化,不但地产业无法获取充足的金融扶持,地产业难以顺畅地发展,同时 将导致国内金融系统面临更高的风险。伴随国内经济的不断进步,民众的消费 理念出现巨大的改变。在改革开放的引导之下,城镇化发展步伐的加快进一步 推动了我国房地产行业的发展,特别是自2007年开始,进步更为快速,至于住 房制度逐渐从计划经济阶段实施的福利分房制度,转变成市场化模式。 由相关统计报告能够得知,自上世纪开始国内民众对住房抵押贷款的相关 需求持续增加,关于贷款余额增速的状况,2000年为149%,2004年为35%,2008 年为64.8%,至2016年达到了12.3万亿元,相较于1998年增加了162倍。可 是相较于其他行业而言,地产业存在特殊之处,它同经济进步密切关联,也许 将导致经济变动幅度增加。通过日本及英国等国家的运作模式及经验能够得知, 通常在3-8年以后个人住房抵押贷款的相关风险将逐渐体现出来,就运作趋向 而言,如今国内也许位于隐含的风险高发阶段。所以本文基于分析国内个人住 房抵押贷款市场的状况下,就对国内个人住房抵押贷款产生作用的微观及宏观 要素展开全面而深入地探究,试图由实证方面入手,研究个人住房抵押贷款出 现违约的原因。2019年,商品房销售金额已经到达159725亿元的水平,当中 销售住宅占了89154.5亿元。虽然受到2008年金融危机的冲击,房地产市场在 我国进行了一些调整,我国的房产交易量有所降低,商品房交易量也因此受到 影响,国内一些地区的房产交易呈低迷态势,但从整体上来看,我国房地产行 业发展情况较为稳定,在2019年,经过国家政策的调整与扶持,如今繁荣景象 又出现在我国房地产市场当中。 近几年来,有许多人选择通过抵押个人住房的方式获取银行贷款,但是, 目前尚未形成与这种贷款形式相适应的风险管理机制。站在社会的角度来说, 个人住房抵押类型的贷款形式是居民对居住条件做出改善的有效形式,也是居 摘要 II 民提升生活质量的直接方式。但是,银行设立了不同的门槛要求在个人住房抵 押贷款上,造成把一些存在付款实力的借款者排除在外,无法借助个人住房抵 押贷款优化居住环境。就银行方面而言,由于相较于其他消费贷款,个人住房 抵押贷款为优质性贷款,当前政策更多地面向个人住房抵押贷款。 因此,研究对个人住房抵押贷款违约风险的研究十分重要。本文选择A银 行Y分行充当分析目标,对该分行所开展的个人住房抵押贷款业务的风控状况, 展开分析且提及风控举措。本文在查询诸多关联文献,以及研究关联业务信息 的状况下,先由A银行Y分行所开展的个人住房抵押贷款业务的风控状况入手, 归纳及总结该分行目前个人住房抵押贷款风控举措,发现该业务出现人员风控 意识较弱,贷款者征信审查不严格,以及业务程序运作不合规等诸多问题。为 探索该分行住房抵押贷款产生风险的主因,以A银行Y分行个人住房抵押贷款 近十年数据为基础,使用SPSS建立对该分行的Logistic回归研究模型,同时 借助预估精准率对模型展开精准度检测。发现对住房抵押贷款违约产生作用的 要素,通常包含借款者受教育程度、借款人工作行业、贷款期限、贷款金额、 借款人购买住房的面积。最终对于该分行住房抵押贷款风控出现的缺陷,指明 关联的改善举措。为健全该分行住房抵押贷款的风控机制而指出相关意见及办 法,向国内其他银行住房抵押贷款风控机制给予较佳的参照。 关键词:[商业银行][个人住房抵押贷款][违约风险][贷前控制] Abstract III Abstract Nowadays,China'sestatemarketdevelopedfastly.Housingcredithasbecome ankeypartincommercialbanksparedwithotherloans,personalhousing mortgageisahigh-qualityasset,butaccordingtothecurrentdevelopment speed,potentialriskshavegraduallyemerged.Ifwedonotreformandinnovatethe currentpersonalhousingmortgageriskmanagement,notonlytherealestateindustry cannotgeteffectivefinancialsupport,thesmoothdevelopmentoftherealestate industrycannotbeachieved,butalsofurtherincreasetheriskofourfinancial system.After2007,thedevelopmentismorerapid,andthehousingsystemhas graduallyenteredthemarket-orientedprocessfromthewelfarehousingsystemin theplannedeconomyera. Accordingtotherelevantstatisticalreports,sincethebeginningofthelast century,thedomesticpeople'sdemandforhousingmortgageloanshascontinuedto increase.Withregardtothegrowthofloanbalance,itwas149%in2000,35%in 2004and64.8%in2008,reaching12.3trillionyuanin2016,anincreaseof162 timescomparedwith1998.However,comparedwithotherindustries,therealestate industryhassomespecialfeatures.Itiscloselyrelatedtoeconomicprogress,which mayleadtoanincreaseintherangeofeconomicchanges.Throughtheoperation modeandexperienceofJapan,theUnitedKingdomandothercountries,wecan knowthattheriskofpersonalhousingmortgageloanwillgraduallybereflected after3-8years.Asfarastheoperationtrendisconcerned,Chinamaybeinthestage ofhighhiddenrisk.Therefore,basedontheanalysisofthedomesticpersonal housingmortgagemarket,thispapermakesacomprehensiveandin-depthstudyon themicroandmacrofactorsthataffectthedomesticpersonalhousingmortgageloan, andattemptstostudythereasonsforthedefaultofthepersonalhousingmortgage loanfromtheempiricalaspect.In2019,thesalesamountofcommercialhousinghas reached15972.5billionyuan,ofwhich8915.45billionyuanisforresidentialsales. Althoughundertheimpactofthe2008financialcrisis,therealestatemarketin Abstract IV Chinahasmadesomeadjustments.Thedeclineinhousingturnoverandsome reducedsalesofcommercialhousingonceappearedinsomeareas,butitisstill relativelystableingeneral.In2019,aftertheadjustmentandsupportofnational policies,theprosperitysceneappearsagaininChina'srealestatemarket. However,thedevelopmentspeedofpersonalhousingmortgageloannotmatch theriskmanagement.Theseeminglyunifiedbutcontradictorydilemmaappearsin frontofus.Fromthesocialpointofview,thepurposeofresidentstoimproveliving conditionsandlivingstandardscanbeachievedthroughpersonalhousingmortgage loans.However,bankshavesetdifferentthresholdrequirementsonpersonalhousing mortgageloan,resultingintheexclusionofsomeborrowerswhohavepayment strength,andcannotoptimizethelivingenvironmentwiththehelpofpersonal housingmortgageloan.Asfarasbanksareconcerned,comparedwithother consumerloans,personalhousingmortgageloansarehigh-qualityloans,andthe currentpolicyismorefocusedonpersonalhousingmortgageloans. Therefore,itisveryimportanttostudytheriskofpersonalhousingmortgage default.ThispaperchoosestheYbranchofAbankastheanalysistarget,analyzes thewindcontrolstatusofthepersonalhousingmortgagebusinesscarriedoutbythe branch,andmentionsthewindcontrolmeasures.Undertheconditionofinquiring manyrelateddocumentsandstudyingrelatedbusinessinformation,thispaperfirst summarizesthewindcontrolstatusofpersonalhousingmortgagebusinesscarried outbyAbankYbranch,summarizesthecurrentpersonalhousingmortgagerisk controlmeasuresofthisbranch,andfindsthatthebusinesshasmanyproblems,such asweakawarenessofpersonnel'swindcontrol,laxcreditcheckingofborrowers, andirregularoperationofbusinessprocedures.Toexplorethemaincausesofthe riskofthebranch'shousingmortgage,basedonthedataoftheAbankYbranch's personalhousingmortgageloanfornearlyfiveyears,theLogisticregression researchmodelforthebranchwasestablishedbyusingtheSPSS,andtheprecision detectionofthemodelwascarriedoutwiththehelpoftheestimatedprecisionrate. Theelementsfoundtohaveaneffectonthedefaultofhousingmortgageloans usuallyincludetheborrower'seducationlevel,theborrower'sworkindustry,the loanterm,theloanamount,andtheareaoftheborrower'spurchaseofhousing. Abstract V Finally,forthebranchhousingmortgagewindcontroldefects,identifiedthe associatedimprovementmeasures.Inordertoperfectthewindcontrolmechanism ofthebranch'shousingmortgageloan,theauthorpointsouttherelevantopinions andmethods,andgivesbetterreferencetotheotherbanksinChina. KeyWords:[CommercialBank][Personalhousingmortgageloan][Defaultrisk] [Pre-loancontrol] 目录 VI 目录 第一章绪论............................1 第一节研究背景与意义.........................1 一、研究背景..............................1 二、研究意义..............................1 第二节国内外研究现状.........................2 一、国外研究现状......................2 二、国内研究现状......................4 三、研究评述..............................6 第三节研究内容与方法.........................6 一、研究内容..............................6 二、研究方法..............................7 第四节创新点与不足............