iii 摘要 随着汽车工业的发展以及人民收入水平的不断提升，我国的汽车保有量逐年 增长，汽车种类及品牌也在不断增加，为了促进汽车市场健康持续发展，商业车 险费率的市场化改革也在不断推进。车联网和新能源等不断涌现的新技术，使传 统的车险费率厘定模式已经无法适应市场不断变化的需求，促进商业车险费率持 续改革。随着车险费率改革的发展，车险市场竞争日趋激烈，现有的车险费率厘 定模式难以适应车险市场多元化的发展需求，我国的商业车险要想健康持续发展， 必须加快商业车险费率差异化。 我国现行的车险费率定价基本以新车购置价作为车险费率厘定的主要因素。 随着费率改革的推进，车险费率开始引入“从人”因素，按里程付费等因素不断 运用到车险费率厘定的过程中，但依据车型差异进行分车型定价到目前为止还没 有完全引入。欧美国家很早之前就已经实施依据车型确定其车险保费费率，很多 大型保险企业都设立了专门的车辆研究部门，通过对车辆市场上各种车型进行对 比分析，总结不同车型之间的差异，并将分析结果应用于车险费率厘定。我国的 商业车险市场中，车型在车险费率厘定中并没有得到充分的考虑，汽车分类不够 细致，没有充分考虑不同品牌、不同车型之间的差异，车险费率厘定模式较为单 一。这就导致同等价位购买的车辆，虽然保费基本一致，但是保险公司实际承担 的风险却可能有很大不同，最后的针对风险较高的车辆往往承担超出保费预估的 风险范围。这也是我国保险公司在车险业务上长期面临亏损困境，只有少数几家 公司能够维持收支平衡，车险业务的承保利润多年维持在2%-3%，而相比国外保 险市场成熟的国家利润保持在8%-10%。分车型定价引入到我国的车险费率厘定中 会在很大程度上促进保费厘定更加科学化和差异化，帮助保险公司在公司经营上 实现盈利。 本论文首先对我国商业车险市场费率厘定现状以及存在的问题进行阐述；接 着归纳了按车型分级定价的车险费率厘定模式，介绍了国外应用的经验：然后分 析我国在推广车型分级方面具备的基础以及尝试，为我国商业车险市场实施车型 分级定价模式提供了方向和思路。最后，为车型分级定价的车险费率厘定模式提 出了相应的改进建议以及推行过程中可能遇到的问题。本研究对于我国商业车险 费用市场化改革具有一定的促进意义。 关键词：车险费率；车型风险分级；维修比；厘定模式 北京交通大学硕士学位论文 ABSTRACT iv ABSTRACT With the development of the automobile industry and the continuous improvement With the development of the automobile industry and the continuous improvement of people's income level, China's car ownership has been increasing year by year, and the types and brands of cars have been increasing. In order to promote the healthy and sustainable development of the automobile market, the marketization reform of the commercial auto insurance premium rate has also been continuously promoted. New technologies such as Internet of vehicles and new energy have emerged continuously, which make the traditional mode of determining auto insurance rates unable to adapt to the changing needs of the market and promote the continuous reform of commercial auto insurance rates. With the development of the auto insurance premium rate reform, the auto insurance market competition is increasingly fierce, the existing auto insurance premium rate determination model is difficult to adapt to the diversified development needs of the auto insurance market, China's commercial auto insurance premium rate differentiation must be accelerated in order to achieve a healthy and sustainable development. China's current auto insurance rate pricing is based on the purchase price of a new car as the main factor in determining the auto insurance rate. With the advancement of the rate reform, the auto insurance rate has been introduced into the process of determining the auto insurance rate by "from person to person" factors, such as payment by mileage, etc. However, the pricing of different models based on vehicle model differences has not been fully introduced so far. Many large insurance companies have set up special vehicle research departments to compare and analyze various models in the vehicle market, summarize the differences between different models, and apply the analysis results to the determination of vehicle insurance premium rates. In China's commercial auto insurance market, the model has not been fully considered in the auto insurance premium rate determination. The car classification is not detailed enough, and the differences between different brands and different models have not been fully considered. Therefore, the auto insurance premium rate determination model is relatively single. This leads to the purchase of the same price of the vehicle, although the insurance premiums are basically the same, but the insurance companies actually bear the risk may be very different, the last for the higher risk of the vehicle often bear more than the insurance premium estimates of the risk range. Only a few companies are 北京交通大学硕士学位论文 ABSTRACT v able to maintain the balance of income and expenditure. The underwriting profit of auto insurance business has been maintained at 2%-3% for many years, while the profit of foreign countries with mature insurance market has been maintained at 8%-10%.The introduction of model pricing into China's auto insurance premium rate determination will to a great extent promote the premium determination to be more scientific and differentiated, and help insurance companies to achieve profitability in corporate operations. Firstly, this paper expounds the current situation and existing problems of determining the premium rate of China's commercial auto insurance market. Then, it summarizes the model of car insurance rate determination based on model classification pricing, and introduces the experience of overseas application. Then, it analyzes the basis and attempt of promoting model classification in China, and provides the direction and thinking for the implementation of model classification pricing in China's commercial car insurance market. Finally, the paper puts forward some Suggestions for the improvement of the classification pricing model and some problems that may be encountered in the process of implementation. This research has certain promotion significance to the marketization reform of China's commercial auto insurance expenses. KEYWORDS： Car insurance rate; Model risk classification; Maintenance ratio; Pricing model. 北京交通大学硕士学位论文 1引言 vi 目录 摘要 ......................................................................................................................... iii ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................. iv 1 引言 .................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 研究背景及意义 ..................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 研究背景 ...................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 研究问题 ...................................................................................... 2 1.1.3 研究意义 ...................................................................................... 2 1.2 文献综述 ................................................................................................. 3 1.2.1 国外研究情况 .............................................................................. 4 1.2.2 国内研究情况 .............................................................................. 5 1.3 研究思路、研究方法和创新之处 ......................................................... 6 1.3.1 研究思路 ...................................................................................... 6 1.3.2 研究方法 ...................................................................................... 6 1.3.3 创新之处 ...................................................................................... 7 2 车险费率厘定基本模式与方法分析 ................................................................ 8 2.1 车险费率厘定概述 ................................................................................. 8 2.1.1 车险基本概念 .............................................................................. 8 2.1.2 车险费率厘定基本流程 ....