游客安全作为旅游业的核心问题，长期以来得到国家和地方政府的重视。 在我国社会加速转型以及旅游消费需求升级的新常态下，源自游客自身、人群 交织以及目的地环境所引致的游客安全事件日趋复杂，游客安全管理的困难性 凸显，社会综合治理的作用明显。随着游客游览路线由“景点-酒店”两点一线 逐渐向周边社区扩展，周边社区承担着游客安全管理与服务功能。本研究以景 区及周边社区的小尺度目的地游客安全为研究命题，综合运用文献分析法、数 据统计分析法、基于扎根理论的质性研究方法、实地调研法等方法，遵循从现 象入手构建理论，用案例实践佐证理论的研究思路，得到以下结论： 目的地游客安全案情呈现复杂网链特征，游客安全管理的组织架构、主体 间关联度以及方案体系与其游客安全案情的网链现象以及目的地行政环境密切 相关。（1）从八个案例地五年来近十万条警情数据中筛选出9587条游客安全案 情，分析不同旅游吸引物类型、封闭程度、地理环境的目的地的游客安全案情 在表现形态、时空特征等方面的差异及其复杂性。游客安全案情的引致因素包 括人、机、环、管四个大类60个直接引致因子，游客进入目的地空间范围的时 间周期内，与不同群体交织、与景区管理方博弈、与环境不安全状态的耦合的 过程中各种引致因子单一或随机组合所生成的游客安全案情呈现网链现象特征。 （2）通过实地调研，归纳出小尺度目的地游客安全管理的景区管委会主导、社 区主导、景区安全委员会主导、外包、分类管理等五种模式，各种模式的套式 结构存在明显差异，但共同面临着政府部门间横向协作不足、公安部门承担过 重的管理职责、社会参与程度较低等问题。 目的地原生安全管理系统的各主体以追求游客安全度为目标，通过主体自 组织运行链优化、主体间横纵向链搭建演化而成的符合游客安全管理和服务需 求的立体性结构，即“套链管理结构”。研究对游客安全管理的主体要素、链结 构、套结构、套链结构等进行了界定，结合游客安全案情处置及游客安全风险 防控实践归纳出套链管理结构类型，研究发现，五种游客安全管理模式的套链 管理结构呈现在游客安全案情处置中高度依赖于公安部门的纵向单链及纵向链 状结构、通过方案体系搭建的横向链状结构和网状结构不稳定性的共性，进而 提出优化路径。 II 套链管理结构在游客安全管理实践中的运用从两方面展开探讨：第一，选 择福建崇武作为案例地，分析案例地警务“旅游+”模式实施前后的套链管理结 构差异，通过公安派出所实现政府科层结构与多源网络结构的“握手”，是公共 安全资源服务于游客安全管理的尝试，但存在基层推动力不足、科层制藩篱难 以破除、考核体系缺乏等不足；第二，借鉴国内外游客安全管理经验，从组织 架构和运行机制两方面对崇武模式进行套链管理结构优化，探索性地提出“政 府负责、警务主导、社区参与、社会支撑”的旅游警务模式。 本研究的主要创新点包括：（1）将景区与周边社区作为整体进行研究，拓 展了小尺度目的地游客安全管理的研究范畴；（2）以公共安全部门的游客警情 数据为基础，翔实地分析了游客安全案情的复杂网链特性；在实地调研的基础 上，归纳总结了小尺度目的地游客安全管理的五种模式；（3）在现象分析的基 础上提出目的地游客安全套链管理结构；（4）构建了适用于小尺度目的地的旅 游警务模式。 关键词：游客安全 旅游目的地 网链现象 套链管理结构 旅游警务模式 III Abstract The tourist safety as the core of the tourism industry has attached great importance by the national and local government for a long time. In the new normal that China is entering a period of fast social transition and the tourism consumption demand is upgrading, the tourist security incidents originated from the tourists themselves and destination environment are increasingly complex. The tourist safety management highlighted the complexity and difficulty, social comprehensive control effect is obvious.As the travel route is expanding from the “scenic spots to hotels” to the surrounding communitis gradually, the surrounding communities have to shoulder the duty on the tourists' safety case disposal and security risk prevention and control.This paper takes the tourist safety of the small-scale tourists destination which concludes the scenic area and the surrounding community as the research proposition. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of the use of the qualitative research based on grounded theory method、statistical analysis and field survey method to systematically study the tourist safety of small-cale tourist destination. This study is divided into three phases: phenomenon study phase, theoretical research phase and case substantiate phase. Travel destination tourist safety cases present complex net-chain characteristics. The organization structure, the correlation between the main body and the plan system of the tourist safety management are closely related to the net-chain characteristics and government environment. (1)Filtering and coding the alert data of the eight cases from 2010 to 2014, analysing differences and comlexity of the tourists safety cases happened in different destinations that with the different tousist attractions, different level of openess and the different geographical environment.The tourist-safety-case causing factors including the four categories of man, machine, environment, management and 60 directly causing factors. The tourist safety cases which is generated by the random combination of various interpersonal factor happened in the process of unsafe condition of tourist coupling with the unsafe IV environment condition,human-human interaction,tourist-administrative committee gambling present the characteristics of net-chain phenomenon. Field sutdy showed that the small scale destination tourist safety management modes conclude the scenic area management committee dominated mode, the community dominated mode, the scenic area safety committee dominated mode, the outsourcing mode and the classification management mode. The five kinds of mode is quite different,but faced with the lack of horizontal collaboration between government departments, too much management responsibility that public security department undertaken, the low social participation in common. The "hoop chain structure" thinking is put forward to destination tourist safety management based on the analysis of the tourist safety phenomenon. Because of the tourists' safety security case disposal and risk prevention and control, the primary destination safety management system structure is evovled into "hoop chain structure", through the organization operation chain adjustment, the lateral chain structures between main bodies, the vertical chain generated between management subject and tourists, the lateral chain structures generated between the main bodies of cross-regional/administrative levels. This study defines and discusses the basic concepts such as principal-factor,chain structure, hoop structure,hoop-chain structure. The five modes are highly dependent on the public security department's vertical single and vertical chain structure to deal with the tourist safety cases.And the horizontal chain structure and reticular structure which is formed through the tourist risk prevention planning system is instability in common. The paper puts forward the method for optimizing the tourist safey management structure which is based on PDCA closed-loop process. The use of “hoop-chain structure” theory in the tourist safety management mainly from two aspects: First, choosing the Hui’An Chongwu as the case to analyse the hoop-chain structure differences before and after the implementation of the "policing and tourism convergence " mode. The Chongwu Mode has added the variety of organizational modes in the process of hierarchical organizations and network “shaking hands”. But there are still some problems, such as lack of primary driving force,dissecting the barriers, lack of evaluation system, etc. Second, Learning from V the advanced experience, the paper proposed the tourism-oriented policing mode which is optimized the Chongwu Mode’s sets of chain structure from two aspects of organization structure and operation mechanism. The achieved innovation of this paper's work includes five aspects: Firstly, this study takes the scenic spot and the surrounding community as a whole, expand the research category of small scale destination tourist safety management; Secondly, this study chooses a large number of second-hand data from the police stations of different destinations as data base, presents the full and accur