I 摘要 随着我国经济不断发展、工业不断进步，使得矿产资源消费持续增加。我国矿 山具有地域分布广、工作环境复杂、采矿设施昂贵、从业人员多等特点。采矿量的 提升导致矿企的管理问题日渐显露，员工职业健康安全管理问题也阻碍了企业的 稳步发展，所以研究矿企的职业健康安全管理势在必行。ZTS有色金属矿山作为目 前我国最大的非煤地下开采矿山，在员工职业健康安全管理方面有诸多不足，本文 目的是诊断其职业健康安全管理方面存在的问题并给出提升建议。 本文对ZTS有色金属矿山的职业健康安全管理研究主要以国家安全监管总局 职业健康司发布的《用人单位职业卫生基础建设主要内容及检查办法》为理论依据。 对员工采用问卷调查的形式进行员工职业健康安全管理现状评估，对专家采用层 次分析模糊评价的方法进行企业职业健康安全管理体系建设的评估。将安监局文 件合并总结了29个方案层指标和8个基准层指标构建了企业职业健康安全管理评 价体系。选取企业中资深职业健康安全管理人员组成专家小组，采用因素两两比较 确定判断矩阵并计算权重。专家根据企业实际情况对各因素进行评分后确定评判 矩阵，综合计算企业职业健康安全管理各基准层和目标层得分并确定等级。对员工 问卷中反应出职业健康安全管理的问题和专家评估中发现的不足进行总结，发现 企业存在制度浮于表面、培训缺乏针对性、健康监护不全面、防护管理不完善等问 题。 针对ZTS有色金属矿山存在的问题，建议企业加强制度落实、加强防护管理、 优化员工培训、完善健康监护。经过改善提升，避免因设备问题导致的员工工伤工 亡案件；员工职业病因职业健康档案合理归档得到有效防治；突发事件因应急预演 也会在短时间内准确遏制。ZTS有色金属矿山的职业健康安全管理水平提升也为 处于相同发展阶段的矿企的提供参考。 关键词：有色金属矿山，职业健康安全管理，层次分析，模糊评价 ABSTRACT II ABSTRACT With the continuous development of China's economy and industrial progress, the consumption of mineral resources continues to increase. Mines in China are characterized by wide geographical distribution, complex working environment, expensive mining facilities and many employees. With the increase of mining amount, the management problems of mining enterprises gradually emerge, and the occupational safety and health management problems of employees also hinder the steady development of enterprises. Therefore, it is imperative to study the occupational safety and health management of mining enterprises. As the largest non-coal underground mining mine in China, ZTS nonferrous metal mine has many deficiencies in the occupational safety and health management of employees. The purpose of this paper is to distinguish its problems in occupational safety and health management and give suggestions for improvement. In this paper, the study on occupational safety and health management of ZTS nonferrous metal mine is mainly based on the Main Contents and Inspection Methods of Employer's Occupational Health Infrastructure issued by the occupational health department of the SAWS (State Administration of Work Safety). The status quo of occupational safety and health management of employees was evaluated by means of questionnaire, and the construction of occupational safety and health management system of enterprises was evaluated by means of analytic hierarchy process. In this paper, 29 project level indicators and 8 benchmark level indicators were summarized from the documents of SAWS, and the enterprise occupational safety and health management evaluation system was constructed. An expert group of senior occupational safety and health managers was built to determine the judgment matrix and calculate the weight by comparing the factors in pairs. According to the actual situation of the enterprise, the evaluation matrix was determined after the experts scored each factor, and the scores of each base level and target level of occupational safety and health management were calculated comprehensively and the grades were determined by experts. The problems of occupational safety and health management reflected in the questionnaire of employees and the deficiencies found in the expert evaluation were summarized. It was found that the enterprise has such problems as superficial system, lack of pertinence in training, incomplete health monitoring and imperfect protection management and so on. ABSTRACT III In view of the problems in ZTS nonferrous metal mine, it is suggested that the enterprise strengthen the implementation of the system, advance the protection management, optimize the staff training and improve the health monitoring. Through those improvements, the case of employee's work-related injury and death caused by equipment problems will be well avoided; occupational diseases of employees will see effective prevention and treatment thanks to the archive of occupational health records; emergencies will be contained in a short time due to emergency rehearsal. The improvement of occupational safety and health management level of ZTS nonferrous metal mine also provides references for mining enterprises at the same development stage. Keywords: Nonferrous Metal Mine, Occupational Safety and Health Management, AHP, Fuzzy Evaluation 目录 IV 目 录 第一章 绪论 ....................... 1 1.1 研究背景和意义 .... 1 1.1.1 研究背景 ..... 1 1.1.2 研究意义 ..... 2 1.2 研究目的和内容 .... 2 1.2.1 研究目的 ..... 2 1.2.2 研究内容 ..... 2 1.3 研究方法与技术路线 ........................... 3 1.3.1 文献分析法 . 3 1.3.2 评价分析法 . 3 1.3.3 调查研究法 . 3 1.3.4 技术路线 ..... 4 第二章 理论基础及研究成果 .......................... 5 2.1 职业健康安全相关概念 ....................... 5 2.2 职业健康安全管理体系概述 ............... 6 2.2.1 职业健康安全管理体系发展历程 ........................... 6 2.2.2 职业健康安全管理体系标准介绍 ........................... 7 2.2.3 职业健康安全管理趋势分析 .... 8 2.2.4 职业健康安全管理评价方法 .... 9 2.2.5 职业健康安全管理评价中存在的问题 ................. 10 2.3 层次分析和模糊评价相关理论 .......... 11 2.3.1 层次分析法 11 2.3.2 模糊评价法 .............................. 13 第三章 ZTS有色金属矿山职业健康安全管理现状分析 ........... 15 3.1 ZTS有色金属矿山基本介绍 ............. 15 3.1.1 公司概况 ... 15 3.1.2 矿山生产流程 .......................... 15 3.1.3 职业危害因素 .......................... 16 3.2 企业员工基本情况 ............................. 17 3.2.1 企业人力结构 .......................... 17 目录 V 3.2.2 专业人员资格情况 .................. 17 3.3 企业工伤及职业病现状 ..................... 18 3.4 企业职业健康安全管理制度 ............. 19 3.4.1 管理责任制 .............................. 19 3.4.2 管理规章制度 .......................... 20 3.5 职业健康安全管理机构情况 ............. 20 3.6 企业职业危害预防情况 ..................... 21 3.7 职业健康培训情况 ............................. 22 3.8 职业健康监护情况 ............................. 23 3.9 职业健康安全应急处理情况 ............. 24 第四章 ZTS有色金属矿山职业健康安全管理诊断 ................... 26 4.1 员工调查问卷结果统计 ..................... 26 4.1.1 问卷基本情况分析 .................. 27 4.1.2 员工职业危害因素的认识 ...... 28 4.1.3 职业危害预防情况 .................. 28 4.1.4 职业危害防护情况 .................. 29 4.1.5 职业健康安全培训情况 .......... 30 4.1.6 员工职业健康监护情况 .......... 30 4.2 ZTS有色金属公司职业健康安全管理体系评价 ............ 31 4.2.1 指标层次构造 .......................... 31 4.2.2 层次分析法确定权重 .............. 33 4.2.3 职业健康安全管理体系模糊评价 ......................... 36 4.3 ZTS有色金属矿山职业健康安全管理现场调查情况 .... 37 4.4 ZTS有色金属矿山职业健康安全管理体系中存在的问题 ........................... 38 4.4.1 管理制度无法落实 .................. 39 4.4.2 职业危害预防和防护欠缺 ...... 39 4.4.3 职业健康安全培训效果差 ...... 39 4.4.4 员工职业健康监护管理不完善 ............................. 40 4.4.5 企业其他问题 .......................... 41 4.5 本章小结 .............. 41 第五章 改进措施与建议 . 43 5.1 完善安全奖金制度促进规章落实 ..... 43 5.2 加强职业危害预防管理 ..................... 47 目录 VI 5.2.1 加强承包商职业健康安全审查 ............................. 47 5.2.2 引进新的生产设备 .................. 48 5.2.3 完善危险源管理 ...................... 48 5.2.4 加强防护管理 .......................... 49 5.3 职业健康安全培训优化 ..................