I 摘要 自上个世纪七十年代末改革开放至今，我国经济增长迅速，经济社会发展进 步明显，中小企业在这一历程中了发挥着至关重要的作用，尤其是在促进和稳定 就业、繁荣区域经济发展等方面发挥着不可替代的作用。中小企业的发展成为实 现我国经济持续稳定增长与健康转型的关键性因素。2014 年以来，邯郸地区随着 钢铁、煤炭等支柱性行业的萎靡，经济下行压力较大，民间借贷违约事件频繁发 生，邯郸市的中小企业经营困难尤其是融资难度进一步增大。怎样使邯郸市的中 小企业摆脱融资困境，成为我们亟待解决一项重要课题。 本论文选取河北 YC 机械有限公司作为研究对象，河北 YC 机械有限公司是一 家典型的机械制造类中小企业，该公司主要生产钢铁企业需配套的冷却烟道、冶 金设备等机械产品，在其成立十多年来取得了一定的成就，但也暴露出了很多中 小企业在成长过程共同面临的融资问题，这些问题主要包含：企业融资方式和渠 道较为单一；融资方式与公司经营需要不匹配；财务管理水平较低等。综合利用 信息不对称理论、金融成长周期理论和信贷配给理论等经典理论对中小企业融资 困境的成因进行分析。 通过对河北 YC 机械有限公司融资困境现状的一系列现场调查、对管理层进行 访谈座谈等方式，收集整理了河北 YC 机械有限公司近五年来的经营数据，在此基 础上认真分析其融资困境的形成原因，针对困境的形成原因尝试提出一些切实可 作性强的解决对策，为该公司管理层解决目前的融资困境提供参考，以此案例为 邯郸市其他中小企业解决融资困境问题提供借鉴经验和参考，从而助力邯郸市经 济社会的繁荣发展。 关键词：中小企业；融资困境；解决对策河北工程大学硕士学位论文 II Abstract Since the reform and opening up in the late 1970s, China’s economy developed rapidly. Great economical and social development has been made. Small and medium-sized companies have played an vital role in our country’s economic life. The SMEs make a great contribution to promoting and stabilizing employment. Prosperous regional economic development and other aspects play an irreplaceable role and become a vital factor in achieving sustained and stable economic growth and healthy transformation of China. Since 2014, as pillar industries such as steel and coal have languished, the downward pressure on the economy of Handan has continued to increase, and private loan defaults have occurred frequently. Small and medium-sized enterprises in Handan have more difficulties in operating operations, especially in financing. The question that how to rescue SMEs in Handan City out of financing difficulties has become an important issue we urgently need to solve. This paper choose Hebei YC Machinery Co., Ltd. as the research object. Hebei YC Machinery Co., Ltd. is a machinery manufacturing enterprise. The company mainly produces mechanical products such as cooling flues and metallurgical equipment for iron and steel enterprises. Some achievements have been made, but it also exposed many financing problems that SMEs face in the growth process. These problems mainly include: corporate financing methods and channels are relatively single; financing methods do not match the company’s business needs; financial management levels are low Wait. Information asymmetry theory, financial growth cycle theory and credit rationing theory has been used to analyze the reasons of the financing difficulties faced by the SMEs . Through an on-site investigation of the current status of the financing dilemma of YC Company in Hebei, interviews and discussions with the management of YC Company were conducted to collect and sort out the operating data of YC Company in the past five years. On this basis, we carefully analyzed the causes of its financing dilemma, and tried to put forward some practical solutions to the causes of the dilemma, and gave a reference for the company’s manager to get out the current financing dilemma. Other small and medium-sized enterprises in Han city can get reference experience and reference to solve their financing difficulties.Abstract III Keywords: SMEs ; financing difficulties ; countermeasures目 录 IV 目 录 摘要................................................................................................................................I Abstract...........................................................................................................................II 第 1 章 绪论.....................................................................................................................1 1.1 研究背景与意义.................................................................................................1 1.1.1 研究背景...................................................................................................1 1.1.2 研究目的及意义.......................................................................................2 1.2 国内外研究现状.................................................................................................3 1.2.1 关于中小企业融资困难问题...................................................................3 1.2.2 关于中小企业融资困难问题的成因研究...............................................3 1.2.3 关于中小企业融资困难问题的解决对策研究.......................................5 1.3 研究内容和研究方法.........................................................................................5 1.3.1 研究内容...................................................................................................5 1.3.2 研究方法...................................................................................................6 1.4 本文创新点与技术路线.....................................................................................7 1.4.1 本文创新点...............................................................................................7 1.4.2 技术路线...................................................................................................7 1.5 本章小结.............................................................................................................7 第 2 章 中小企业融资相关概念与理论综述.................................................................9 2.1 中小企业融资的相关概念.................................................................................9 2.1.1 中小企业...................................................................................................9 2.1.2 融资相关概念.........................................................................................10 2.1.3 普惠金融................................................................................................. 11 2.2 中小企业融资管理的相关理论....................................................................... 11 2.2.1 资本结构理论......................................................................................... 11 2.2.2 信息不对称理论.....................................................................................12 2.2.3 企业金融生命周期理论.........................................................................13 2.2.4 信贷配给理论.........................................................................................13 第 3 章 河北 YC 机械有限公司融资现状....................................................................15 3.1 河北 YC 机械有限公司基本概况介绍............................................................15 3.1.1 企业概况.................................................................................................15目 录 V 3.1.2 企业经营情况介绍.................................................................................16 3.1.3 公司财务情况分析.................................................................................17 3.2 河北 YC 机械有限公司融资现状....................................................................22 3.2.1 现场调查融资概况.................................................................................22 3.2.2 访谈了解公司融资需求.........................................................................25 第 4 章 河北 YC 机械公司融资问题及成因分析........................................................27 4.1 河北 YC 机械有限公司主要面临的融资问题 ............................................27 4.1.1 融资渠道狭窄.........................................................................................27