中国是一个制造业大国，制造型企业间的竞争越来越大。近些年， 随着“工业 4.0” 理念的发展，以及“中国制造2025”的提出，中 国的制造业正在发生着一些新的变化，机器换人，设备互联化，生产 智能化等创新实践给传统制造产业带来了良好的启示。人工的节约、 效率的提高、品质的向上，这些是自动化设备带给企业新的竞争力。 生产制造型企业对设备自动化的需求越来越旺盛。 由于管道制造设备的物料具有一定的特殊性，大多是根据项目设 计需求进行采购的，具有类似于MRO物料的数量少、种类多、难预测 等特点。目前针对批量的生产物料的采购管理已经有较为全面的理论 体系和实践研究，而针对管道制造设备物料还没有形成十分完善的采 购管理体系。但是这些物料的采购活动对管道制造设备生产企业盈利 多少，管道制造项目能否按计划顺利完工，设备能否满足客户工艺要 求以及实现稳定生产起着至关重要的作用。因此，研究这些元器件的 采购管理，对于中小型的管道制造设备行业的发展具有着重要意义。 本论文通过对A企业从事管道制造设备零部件采购工作的经历， 对A企业物料采购管理模式与运行的状况进行分析，详细论述了这类 零件采购工作的复杂性以及会碰到企业采购物料的数量达不到供应 商的最低生产量、产品质量达不到技术设计的要求，采购的种类很多 等难题。同时结合采购管理发展理论，供应链管理及MRO物料采购管 理的相关理论，运用比较分析法，层次分析法，权值因子判断法等方 法，从物料规范、采购组织、采购流程、供应商管理、采购人员绩效 考核等方面对A企业的管道制造设备零件采购工作提出了一系列的优 化和改进措施。并根据这些优化方案实际的实施结果，论述了这些优 化和改进的措施对A企业带来的效益和影响。本论文形成了一套完整A小型管道制造企业采购优化研究 II 的更加适用于A企业的管道制造设备物料采购管理方案，对于其他有 相似规模与业务的企业能起到一定的借鉴作用。 关键词： 采购管理；供应链管理；优化方案；采购管理优化A小型管道制造企业采购优化研究 III ABSTRACT China is a large manufacturing country, and competition among manufacturing companies is increasing. In recent years, with the development of the "Industry 4.0" concept and the proposal of "Made in China 2025", some new changes are taking place in China's manufacturing industry. Innovative practices such as machine substitution, equipment interconnection, and intelligent production have given traditional The manufacturing industry has brought good enlightenment. Labor saving, efficiency improvement and quality improvement are the new competitiveness brought to the enterprise by automation equipment. The demand for equipment automation by manufacturing companies is growing stronger. As the demand for customized automation equipment continues to rise, a number of large and small pipe manufacturing enterprises have emerged in China. These companies have more or less problems with material procurement management, mainly due to the particularity of the materials for pipeline manufacturing equipment, which are mostly purchased according to project design requirements. They have similar quantities and types to MRO materials. And difficult to predict. At present, there is a relatively comprehensive theoretical system and practical research on the procurement management of batch production materials, and a very complete procurement management system has not yet been formed for pipeline manufacturing equipment materials. However, how much these materials procurement activities are profitable for pipeline manufacturing equipment manufacturing enterprises, whether pipeline manufacturing projects can be completed as planned, whether the equipment can meet customer requirements, and stable production play a vital role. Therefore, studying the procurement management of these components is of great significance to the development of the pipeline manufacturing industry. This thesis analyzes the material procurement management mode and operation status of company A's material procurement experience in the pipeline manufacturing equipment parts procurement experience at company A, and the quantity of procurement can not reach the minimum production volume of the supplier, the product quality can not meet the requirements of technical design, and a great many of material kinds. At the same time, combining the development theory of procurement management, supply chain management, and related theories of MRO material procurement management, using comparative analysis, analytic hierarchy process, weight factor judgment and other methods, from the material system, procurementA小型管道制造企业采购优化研究 IV organization, procurement process, supplier management, A series of optimization and improvement measures were put forward for the procurement performance evaluation of the company's pipeline manufacturing equipment parts. Based on the actual implementation results of these optimization schemes, the benefits and impacts of these optimization and improvement measures on A Company are discussed. This thesis has formed a complete set of material purchase management plan for pipeline manufacturing equipment that is more suitable for company A, which can be used as a reference for other companies with similar businesses. Wenbin Wang （ MBA ） Supervised by:Kejing Zhang KEY WORDS: procurement management, supply chain management; optimization scheme, procurement management optimizationA小型管道制造企业采购优化研究 V 目 录 摘要 ............................................................................................................................ Ⅰ ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................ Ⅲ 目录 ........................................................................................................................... Ⅴ 1. 绪论 .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 课题研究的背景 ............................................................................................. 1 1.2 研究意义及目的 ............................................................................................. 3 1.2.1 研究的意义 ......................................................................................... 3 1.2.2 研究的目的 ......................................................................................... 4 1.3 研究的内容和研究路线 ................................................................................ 5 1.3.1 研究内容 ........................................................................................... 5 1.3.2 研究方法 ........................................................................................... 5 1.3.3 研究路线 ........................................................................................... 6 2. 企业采购管理相关概念界定及理论基础 ............................................................... 8 2.1 相关概念界定 ............................................................................................... 8 2.1.1 采购的定义 ....................................................................................... 8 2.1.2 采购管理的内涵 ............................................................................... 8 2.2 采购管理的理论现状研究 ............................................................................ 9 2.2.1 采购管理及供应链管理相关研究 ................................................... 9 2.2.2 MRO物料相关研究 ......................................................................... 10 2.3 采购管理优化的理论基础 .......................................................................... 12 2.3.1 供应链管理理论 ............................................................................. 12 2.3.2 流程再造理论 ................................................................................. 13 3. A企业物料采购管理状况与问题分析 .................................................................. 15 3.1 A企业简介 .................................................................................................. 15 3.2 A企业物料介绍 ........................................................................................... 15 3.2.1 A企业物料概述 .......................................................