面对我国创新驱动发展和智慧建造等时代要求，迫切要求BIM成为推动建 筑业信息化发展的基础与核心技术。但目前来看，需在建筑项目中发挥其真正价 值的BIM还处于流程割裂状态，尚未真正实现应用落地。因此，本文综合运用 文献计量分析、博弈分析的研究方法，以建筑项目群体为研究背景，在剖析建筑 项目中BIM应用障碍的基础上，对单个或群体主体关于应用BIM进行两两相异 的博弈研究。旨在为建筑项目中的BIM应用研究提供有价值的参考，符合政策 导向，且具有一定的实践意义。 在对建筑业领域的BIM应用与博弈分析的相关文献进行梳理的基础上，本 文首先分析了BIM在建筑项目中应用的诉求、现状及障碍，结果表明BIM在建 筑项目中的应用并没有收到良好的效果且存在较多阻碍，且由于项目主体缺乏 BIM应用、主体之间缺乏互动造成的合作环境恶劣是导致BIM应用困境的根源 性因素。其次，在分析建筑项目主体关于应用BIM的相互关系的基础上，在建 筑项目群体背景下从泛化的单个主体拓展为正常的群体状态，依次进行了单个业 主和单个设计方的多阶段动态博弈、单个业主和单个承包商的委托代理分析、设 计方群体和承包商群体的演化博弈研究。博弈结果分别表明设计方消极应用BIM 时所获得的超额收益越小、机会成本越小、贴现率越大，设计方就越有可能选择 积极应用BIM；承包商的最优努力水平与自身应用BIM的能力呈正相关，与努 力成本系数呈负相关，还与三大目标的相对重要性有关，而对于承包商的最优激 励系数与其绝对风险规避系数、外生变量呈负相关；降低合作应用BIM的成本 对于促进设计方和承包商合作的效果最强，而且只要合理设置激励金额及对不合 作的罚款金额，双方合作应用BIM就是长期稳定的。最后，BIM应用中建筑项 目主体博弈的结果表明针对不同主体有特定的管理启示：设计方要转变思维方 式，控制BIM应用的成本，并与其他主体就建筑信息进行深入交流沟通，保证 一致性；承包商亟需提升自身应用BIM的能力，也要协调控制三大目标的相对 重要性，使努力更容易转化为积极效果；业主作为建筑项目的主导方和BIM应 用的主要推动方，应引导设计方和承包商之间建立基于BIM应用的合作机制， 付出极大努力来降低双方合作的成本，并通过设置奖惩机制来激励设计方和承包 商之间合作进行BIM应用的行为。 II 本文主要的创新点包括：将研究范围界定为项目实施即设计、施工两大阶段， 创新了思维视角，突破了传统的单一模块化的研究；将研究视角界定为建筑项目 群体，并分别进行单个主体之间或主体群体之间的两两相异博弈分析，区别于传 统建筑项目管理研究，是与主体博弈特点相适应的需要，也体现了研究的由浅入 深；研究了被认为是有限理性的设计方和承包商的动态协作BIM应用的决策过 程，为促进以业主为主导的设计方与承包商之间的合作提供了有价值的参考。 关键词：BIM，建筑项目主体，博弈分析，管理启示 III GAME STUDY ON THE MAJOR PARTICIPANTS OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN BIM APPLICATION Abstract In the face of the requirements of the times such as innovation-driven development and intelligent construction in China, there is an urgent need for BIM to become the basis and core technology to promote the information development of the construction industry. But at present, the BIM which needs to play its real value in the construction project has not really been applied. Therefore, this paper comprehensively uses the research methods of bibliometric analysis and game analysis, and takes the construction project group as the research background, on the basis of analyzing the obstacles in the application of BIM in construction projects, this paper makes a game research on the application of BIM to individual or group subjects. The purpose of this paper is to provide a valuable reference for the application research of BIM in construction projects, which is in line with the policy guidance and has certain practical significance. Based on combing the relevant literature on the application of BIM and game analysis in the construction industry, this paper first analyzes the demands, current situation, and obstacles of the application of BIM in construction projects. The results show that the application of BIM in construction projects does not receive good results and there are many obstacles. And the poor cooperation environment caused by the lack of BIM application and the lack of interaction between the project subjects is the root cause of the dilemma of BIM application. Secondly, based on the analysis of the relationship between the main body of the construction project about the application of BIM, the multi-stage dynamic game between a single owner and a single designer, the principal-agent analysis of a single owner and a single contractor, and the evolutionary game between a designer group and a contractor group are carried out successively from a generalized single subject to a normal group under the background of the construction project group. The game results show that the smaller the excess return, the smaller the opportunity cost and the higher the discount rate, the designers are more likely to choose to actively use BIM. The contractor's optimal effort level is positively IV correlated with their own ability to apply BIM, negatively with the effort cost coefficient, and with the relative importance of the three objectives, while the optimal incentive coefficient for contractors is negatively correlated with their absolute risk aversion coefficient and exogenous variables. Reducing the cost of cooperative application of BIM has the strongest effect on promoting the cooperation between designers and contractors, and as long as the incentive amount and the fine amount for non-cooperation are set reasonably, the cooperative application of BIM between the two parties will be long-term stable. Finally, the result of the game of the construction project subject in the application of BIM shows that there are specific management implications for different subjects: the designer should change the way of thinking, control the cost of BIM application, and communicate deeply with other subjects on construction information to ensure consistency; contractors urgently need to improve their ability to apply BIM, but also coordinate and control the relative importance of the three objectives, so that the efforts can be easily transformed into positive results. As the leader of the construction project and the main promoter of BIM application, the owner should guide the designer and contractor to establish a cooperation mechanism based on BIM application, make great efforts to reduce the cost of cooperation, and set up a reward and punishment mechanism to encourage designers and contractors to cooperate in BIM application. The main innovations of this paper include: defining the research scope into two stages of project implementation, that is, design and construction, innovating the thinking perspective and breaking through the traditional single modular research; The research perspective is defined as the construction project group, and the game analysis of pairwise differences between individual subjects or subject groups is carried out respectively, which is different from the traditional construction project management research. It is the need to adapt to the characteristics of the subject game and reflects the research from shallow to deep. This paper studies the decision-making process of dynamic collaborative BIM application of designers and contractors, which is regarded as bounded rationality, and provides a valuable reference for promoting the cooperation between designers and contractors led by the owner. Keywords: BIM, main participants in construction project, game analysis, management enlightenment V 目 录 中文摘要 ................................................. I Abstract ................................................ III 目 录 ................................................... V 第一章 引言 ............................................. 1 1.1 研究背景及意义 .............................................. 1 1.1.1 研究背景 ................................................ 1 1.1.2 研究意义 ................................................ 2 1.2 研究内容与思路 .............................................. 3 1.2.1 研究内容 ................................................ 3 1.2.2 研究思路 ................................................ 4 第二章 相关研究综述 ..................................... 5 2.1 建筑业领域BIM相关综述 ..................................... 5 2.1.1 国外