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企业是我国社会经济发展的支柱,也承载着艰巨的社会责任和社会价值,企业的言行 将对社会及公众的影响十分巨大,特别是在媒体业发展迅速的今天,企业发生的突发事件 在短时间内就会被媒体获悉,特别是以自媒体为当代信息传播的核心载体,企业采用以往 的信息处理方式已经无法适应当前的信息传播管理。因此,企业对突发事件的正确处理, 将决定社会大众对于企业的看法和信任。要同社会大众保持良好的关系,企业与媒体的沟 通就显得格外重要,良好的沟通氛围、积极的沟通方式有助于化解突发事件对企业造成的 负面影响。 本文以突发事件中企业与媒体的沟通管理为研究对象,以企业为视角,以比亚迪和特 斯拉两起汽车自燃案件突发事件进行对比,来观察我国企业在突发事件下的公共沟通中存 在的问题,并通过结合公共管理理论、信息沟通理论、突发事件危机管理理论等来思考如 何构建企业突发事件信息沟通管理并捋清中企业与媒体沟通管理的思路,以进一步丰富和 完善我国企业在突发事件中长期处于沟通被动的现状。 本文的研究主要包含如下几个部分。一是将企业突发事件的类型、特征进行了阐述, 将以企业为核心的突发事件中一般的管理和沟通流程、目的及原则进行了梳理,并强调了 企业在同社会公众在突发事件中沟通的重要性;二是介绍了关于对突发事件公共沟通管理 中能够运用到的一些理论和成果,指出一些其中在本文中运用到的突发事件信息沟通及沟 通功能、模式及策略;三是进行国内外两起汽车制造企业在处理突发事件中采取的同公众 沟通的案例,并就其所取得的结果以及公众对待企业沟通方式的满意度展开调查和分析, 并在此基础上分析存在问题的根源所在;四是在案例的基础上进行总结,指出我国当前企 业在面对的突发事件时信息是以何种方式进行传导以及一般的流程;五是根据上述分析提 出针对性的策略和意见,以帮助企业构建突发事件的预警模型以及对公众造成影响的评价 模型,并进一步就如何优化企业同公众的沟通模式提出了建议,以求建立起企业的科学合 理的沟通管理,形成危机意识,并能够在突发事件下及时同公众展开交流沟通,以避免因 沟通不当造成的企业价值损失。 关键词:突发事件;沟通管理;汽车企业;公众;舆论 II Abstract Asthemainbodyofsocialandeconomicdevelopment,enterprisesbearaseriesof corporateresponsibilitiesandthemainresponsibilitiesoftheimpactonsocietyandthepublic. However,intoday'sendlessemergenceofnewmedia,itisdifficulttorealizetherapiddisposal ofemergenciesbyrelyingsolelyonthestrengthofenterprises,becausethemedia,especially thenewmedia,hasbecomeoneofthemainsourcesofpublicaccesstoinformation,andthe crisisearlywarningofemergencieshasbecomeoneofthemainsourcesofpublicaccessto informationrmationtransmissionandpublicopinionguidanceplayanimportantrole,so thecommunicationbetweenenterprisesandmediaisparticularlyimportantinemergency management.Theeffectiveinteractionandtransmissionofinformationbetweenthetwohas becomeasolutiontoemergencies.Importantmeans.Basedonthis,thispapertakesthe communicationmechanismbetweenenterprisesandmediainemergencymanagementasthe researchobject,introducestherelatedtheoriesofpublicmanagement,crisismanagementand newscommunication,andonthebasisofsummingupthepreviousresearchresults,triestoput forwardthetrainofthoughtandcountermeasurestoconstructthecommunicationmechanism betweenenterprisesandmediaonthebasisofanalyzingtheexistingproblemsandcausesof communicationbetweenenterprisesandmedia.Inordertofundamentallymakeupforthe currententerpriseemergencymanagementandmediacommunicationdeficiencies. Thecontentsofthispaperareasfollows:firstly,onthebasisofdefiningthemediaand crisis,thispaperputsforwardtheconnotationandcharacteristicsofemergencies;analyzesthe connotation,purpose,principlesandcyclesofemergencymanagement;anddeeplydiscusses theimportanceandprinciplesofcrisiscommunicationbetweenenterprisesandmediaby clarifyingtheconnotationofenterpriseandemergencycommunication.Secondly,the communicationbetweenenterprisesandmediainemergencymanagementisanalyzed theoretically.Onthebasisofanalyzingtherespectiveresponsibilitiesandfunctionsof enterprisesandmediainemergencymanagement,thispaperfocusesonthefunction,mode, processandstrategyofcommunicationbetweenenterprisesandmediainemergency management.Thirdly,combinedwiththeemergencycasesinChinainrecentyears,thispaper analyzestheproblemsexistingincommunicationfromtheperspectiveoftheinteraction betweenenterprisesandmediainformationinemergencymanagement,andthenanalyzesthe rootcausesoftheexistingproblems.Then,theemergencyinformationtransmissionmechanism ofenterprisesinourcountryandhowtoconstructthecommunicationmodelofthemechanism arediscussed.Finally,accordingtotheproblemsandcausesofcommunicationbetween enterprisesandmediainemergencymanagement,thispapertriestoputforwardthe III correspondingcountermeasuresfromtheaspectsofinformationcommunicationmechanism, informationresponsemechanism,riskearlywarningmechanismandpilotmechanism. Keywords:emergency;communicationmanagement;automobileenterprise;publicopinion IV 目录 摘要.............................................................................................................................................I 目录...........................................................................................................................................IV 图清单.......................................................................................................................................VIII 表清单...........................................................................................................................................IX 1绪论.............................................................................................................................................1 1.1研究背景及意义.....................................................................................................................1 1.2国内外研究现状.....................................................................................................................2 1.3研究方法与思路.....................................................................................................................7 2相关理论研究...........................................................................................................................10 2.1企业突发事件.......................................................................................................................10 2.2突发事件中企业信息沟通管理理论...................................................................................12 2.3企业突发事件信息沟通管理体系.......................................................................................14 3我国汽车企业突发事件信息沟通管理分析——以比亚迪和特斯拉自燃事件为例...........16 3.1特斯拉在突发事件信息沟通中采取的措施.......................................................................16 3.2比亚迪在突发事件信息沟通中采取的措施.......................................................................19 3.3特斯拉与比亚迪突发事件信息沟通管理的比较分析.......................................................23 3.4本章小结...............................................................................................................................24 4我国汽车企业突发事件信息沟通管理中存在的问题及原因分析.......................................25 4.1我国汽车企业突发事件中信息沟通管理存在的问题.......................................................25 4.2我国汽车企业突发事件中信息沟通管理存在问题的内部原因.......................................28 4.3我国汽车企业突发事件中信息沟通管理存在问题的外部原因.......................................35 4.4本章小结...............................................................................................................................45 5我国汽车企业突发事件信息沟通管理体系构建...................................................................46 5.1构建原则...............................................................................................................................43 5.2汽车企业突发事件风险缩减阶段的管理...........................................................................49 5.3汽车企业突发事件沟通准备阶段的管理...........................................................................53 5.4汽车企业突发事件信息反馈阶段的管理...........................................................................58 5.5汽车企业突发事件应急恢复阶段的管理..................