文本描述
高考是连接基础教育与高等教育的纽带。高考科目改革作为高考改革的 一项重要内容,不仅关系到中小学教育教学的方向,而且关系到高校的人才 选拔和国家的发展。我国现行高考科目组合并不能考查学生的个性特长,否 定了学生培养的多样性,扼杀了学生的个性,抑制了学生各种独特潜质的发 挥,无法保证给高校输送满意的学生。因此,本报告基于学生个性特长的发 展需要,提出了高考科目的新设想,即在“3+综合”的基础上加上特长科考 试。高考特长科考试将给学生的个性特长发展带来机遇,更能引导中学从应 试教育向素质教育转变。 本研究采取了定量与定性相结合的方法,主要方法有,调查法、文献法、 比较法、可行性分析法以及个别访谈法。 本报告从制度可行性角度出发,研究高考特长科设置的必要性和可行 性。第一部分为绪论,从总体上对本报告的研究意义和方法等进行了阐述, 包括问题的提出、相关概念的界定、文献综述和研究思路与方法;报告第二 部分比较国外高考科目设置的特色以及国内高考各种科目设置的优劣,从而 在特长科设置时,需融合国内外高考科目组合的优点;第三部分主要论证高 考特长科设置的必要性。本部分提出学生具有发展个性特长的可能,但目前 我国学生个性特长的缺失,学生个体需要发展个性、高校的人才培养及专业 建设都需要有个性特长的考生,国家的竞争以及社会的人才需求需要有个性 特长的人;第四部分提出特长科设置的基本构想,对特长科科目设置的原则、 依据和科目设计等方面进行研究;最后一部分,从特长科设置的高考相关主 体、高考政策、高考成本和特长科设置的技术难题等几个方面出发,分析特 长科设置的可行条件,目前各方面条件能够满足特长科设置的需要。 本报告对高考特长科设置的研究,符合时代变换要求,对国家和人民都 具有一定的现实意义和理论意义。 关键词,高考 特长科 科目设置 可行性Abstract The college entrance examination is the bonds that connect to basic education and higher education. And the present implemented subject of our college entrance examination can not examine the individual strengths of students, and more can not help our colleges and universities recruit students to their most satisfying. Therefore, this paper, based on Personal skills development needs of students, presents a new vision of the college entrance examination subjects, which add the Features Examination to “3+ Comprehensive Exam”. The aptitude examination in College Entrance Examination will give students opportunities to personal skills development, and guide the basic Education to change from the examination-oriented education to quality education. This research takes quantitative and qualitative methods, which includes investigation, documentation, comparison, feasibility analysis and individual interviews. In this paper, it will study the feasibility of setting entrance aptitude subjects from the feasibility of the system point of view. The first part is an introduction. On the whole it elaborates the significance and methods of this research, including the problem, the relevant definition of the concept, literature review and research ideas and methods; The second part of the paper sets the main analytical characteristics of the foreign college entrance examination subjects and abroad. While it compares the advantages and disadvantages of national college entrance examination among the different subjects. It draws a conclusion that the aptitude examination should merge the advantages of domestic and foreign. In the third part, it will demonstrate the necessity of the aptitude examination subject. It shows that our students lack personal features, and then put forward the need for additional aptitude examination. The students, the colleges and the country need the development of the personality of students. The forth part, it will present the basic concept of specialty subjects, including principles, basis and subject design and so forth. The last part, from the social, economic, policy and technical point of view, it analyzes aptitude examination of possible conditions, to illustrate that it can implement the aptitude examination inthe College Entrance Examination Subjects in our country. This study on aptitude examination of the college entrance examination subjects, is not only in line with the requirements of the times, but also benefits our country and people to a certain degree of practical and theoretical significance. Key words: the National College Entrance Examination; the Aptitude Examination Subject Set; Feasibility目 录 摘要 Abstract 1 绪 论 ............................................................1 1.1 问题的提出...................................................1 1.2 概念的界定...................................................1 1.3 文献综述.....................................................2 1.3.1 高考特长科设置的现状 ...................................2 1.3.2 高考科目设置的新构想 ...................................3 1.4 主要研究内容.................................................5 1.5 研究思路和方法...............................................5 1.5.1 研究思路 ...............................................5 1.5.2 研究方法 ...............................................6 2 国内外高考科目设置状况 ............................................7 2.1 国外高考科目的可选择性情况简介及启示.........................7 2.1.1 法国高考科目的可选择性情况简介 .........................7 2.1.2 澳大利亚高考科目的可选择性情况简介 .....................7 2.1.3 韩国高考科目的可选择性情况简介 .........................8 2.1.4 日本高考科目的可选择性情况简介 .........................9 2.1.5 美国高考科目的可选择性情况简介 ........................10 2.1.6 各国高考科目设置的特点及启示 ..........................10 2.2 我国高考科目组合的优劣比较及启示............................11 2.2.1 我国部分高考科目组合的优劣比较 ........................11 2.2.2 我国部分高考科目组合的特点及启示 ......................13 3 特长科设置的必要性 ...............................................14 3.1 学生个性发展需要............................................14 3.1.1 学生个性发展具有可能性 ................................14 3.1.2 学生个性发展的追求 ....................................15 3.2 高校人才培养及专业建设的需要................................17 3.2.1 学生的特长现状分析 ....................................173.2.2 特长人才举荐制度的不完善..............................19 3.2.3 高校人才培养及专业建设的需求 ..........................19 3.3 国家和社会对人才的客观需要..................................20 4 高考特长科设置的基本构想 ........................................23 4.1 高考特长科设置的原则........................................23 4.1.1 公平公正原则 ..........................................23 4.1.2 科学性原则 ............................................23 4.1.3 选择性原则 ............................................24 4.1.4 导向性原则 ............................................24 4.1.5 操作性原则 ............................................24 4.2 高考特长科设置的依据........................................25 4.2.1 符合“三个有利于” ....................................25 4.2.2 与高校学科分类对口 ....................................26 4.2.3 与基础教育课程改革相结合 ..............................28 4.3 高考特长科的科目设计........................................28 4.3.1 高考科目组合设置 ......................................28 4.3.2 特长科考试及范围 ......................................30 5.高考特长科设置的可行性研究 ......................................32 5.1 高考相关主体接受度分析......................................32 5.1.1 学生主体接受度分析 ....................................32 5.1.2 家长主体接受度分析 ....................................33 5.1.3 高中教师主体接受度分析................................33 5.1.4 大学教师主体接受度分析 ................................35 5.2 国家政策可行性分析..........................................35 5.3 高考成本投入可行性分析......................................37 5.3.1 政府举办高考成本投入可行性分析 ........................37 5.3.2 学生考试成本投入可行性分析 ............................38 5.4 高考技术条件分析............................................39 5.4.1 高校招录考生技术条件分析 ..............................39 5.4.2 高考分数计算 ..........................................40 6 结 语 ................................................