- I - 摘要 本文针对于常规的家用分体式空调器的应用现状，分析了其系统运行所 存在的弊端，提出了在常规分体式家用空调器中引入新风，同时回收排风能 量，并在冬季利用阳台集热，使之提高机组运行性能的可能性。从能源合理 利用及环保的角度，提出了在满足常规家用空调器的制冷和制热容量的前提 下，充分回收利用机组排风的能量以及冬季时利用太阳能的新型热泵空调器 的系统流程，从理论上对此系统流程进行了定性的分析，并同常规空调系统 进行了比较，从而论证了这种阳台吊顶暗装空气/空气热泵机组应用的可行 性。 本文首先对阳台吊顶暗装空气/空气热泵机组的压缩机、冷凝器、蒸发 器、节流机构和其他制冷部件逐一进行了设计计算并选择合适的零部件产 品。然后建立了该新型热泵机组冬季和夏季运行过程的数值模拟计算模型， 进行了节能空调流程的可行性及运行特性的模拟研究，并与常规空调流程进 行了对比分析。模拟结果表明，该新型热泵机组与常规热泵空调器相比，制 冷/热量增加、功耗减小、制冷/热能效比 EER 增大，尤其是在冬季节能效果 更显著，这是因为阳台利用了太阳能集热。该机组应用于不同气候地区，由 于室外空气温度、太阳辐射能以及室外风速等的不同，造成机组运行性能改 善的程度不同，从具体的模拟结果，得到结论，该机组在冬冷夏热地区应 用，节能效果显著；在冬暖夏热地区应用，有一定的节能效果；在温和地区 应用，节能效果不明显。因此，本文所设计的阳台吊顶暗装空气/空气热泵 机组当应用到合适的气候地区时，的确是一项节能效益大，有实用性成果， 具有推广意义的新型热泵机组。 由于时间和条件的限制，本文没有给出该新型热泵机组的机组系列型 谱，同时阳台集热部分还需要进一步的研究，使其集热效果达到最佳。但本 文的目的在于能为回收利用排风能量和阳台集热的可行性和合理性进行模拟 研究和分析，为实现节能和环保寻求可行的途径。 关键词 节能型空调器；排风能量回收；阳台集热；数值模拟；运行性能哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位报告 - II - Abstract According to the present usage of regular split-type home air-conditioner, in this study, analyzing the disadvantages of the regular system, we put forward introduce fresh air in the regular split-type home air-conditioner and recycling the energy of exhaust air at the same time, also, making use of the heat collector utilized balcony in winter, so as to improve the possibility of the performance of heat pump unit. From the energy using rationalization and environment protecting, we put forward a system flow of the new type of heat pump air- conditioner on the basis of satisfying cooling and heating of regular split-type home air-conditioner, make full use of reusing the energy of exhaust air and solar energy in winter. Analyzing the system flow in the thesis, and compare it with the regular air-conditioning system, in order to reason the possibility of using ceiling suspension air-to-air heat pump unit concealed in balcony. In this study, firstly, we designed and calculated to choose the appropriate groupware, including compressor、condenser、evaporator、throttle mechanism and other components of ceiling suspension air-to-air heat pump unit concealed in balcony. Secondly, set up the math model of function procedure of new type heat pump unit in summer and winter, then simulated study the possibility and characteristics of function to energy-saving air-conditioner, comparing the result to the regular air-conditioning flow. From the results, we have found the cooling/heating energy is more, power consuming is less, and EER is larger than regular air conditioner, especially in winter, it is because using the heat collector utilized balcony to use the solar energy. Because of using the heat pump unit in different climate areas, outdoor air temperature, energy of solar radiation, outdoor velocity of wind etc. are different to the different areas, it is different to the degree of performance improved. From the idiographic results of simulation, we can make conclusion that, use the system in hot summer and cold winter zone, its efficient is evident in energy saving; use the system in hot summer and warm winter zone, it has certain efficient; use the system in warm zone, its efficient is unconspicuous. Thus, when we make use of the ceiling suspension air-to-air heat pump unit concealed in balcony in the appropriate zones, it is certain thatAbstract - III - this system is big benefit in energy saving, has great practicability and can be spread in the world. As the reason of limitation of time and situation, in this study there is not series table of the new type heat pump unit, and it is need more study to the part of the heat collector utilized balcony to get best effect . But the purpose of this paper is simulation to study and analyze the possibility and rationality in using recycle of exhaust air energy and heat collector utilized balcony, and find the method of energy saving and environment protecting. Keywords saving-energy air-condition; recycle of exhaust air; heat collector utilized balcony; numerical simulation; operational performance哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位报告 -I V- 目录 TU 摘要 UT ...................................................................................................................... I TU Abstract UT ................................................................................................................ II T U 第 1 章 绪论 U .........................................................................................................1 U 1.1 课题提出的背景和意义 U ............................................................................1 U 1.1.1 我国的能源与环境现状 U ......................................................................1 U 1.1.2 居住空调建筑的能耗分析 U ..................................................................1 U 1.1.3 SARS以后对住宅空调的思考 U .............................................................2 U 1.1.4 常规空调系统运行存在的弊端 U ..........................................................2 U 1.2 文献综述 U ....................................................................................................5 U 1.2.1 国内、外热泵技术的发展概况 U ..........................................................5 U 1.2.2 国内、外分体空调器的发展概况 U ......................................................7 U 1.3 本课题主要研究的内容 U ..........................................................................10 U 1.3.1 本课题研究的目的及方法 U ................................................................10 U 1.3.2 本文要做的主要工作 U .......................................................................10 U 第 2 章 阳台吊顶暗装空气/空气热泵机组系统的 提出 U ...............................11 U 2.1 常规空气源热泵空调系统简介 U ...............................................................11 U 2.2 阳台吊顶暗装空气/空气热泵机组的提出 U ..............................................11 U 2.3 不同城市室外气象参数 U ..........................................................................14 U 2.4 本章小结 U ..................................................................................................15 U 第 3 章 阳台吊顶暗装空气/空气热泵机组的设计与计算 U ...............................17 U 3.1 压缩机的选型 U ..........................................................................................17 U 3.2 冷凝器和蒸发器的设计计算 U ...................................................................18 U 3.2.1 制冷循环热力计算 U ...........................................................................18 U 3.2.2 冷凝器的设计计算 U ...........................................................................22 U 3.2.3 蒸发器的设计计算 U ...........................................................................28 U 3.3 冷凝器和蒸发器的校核计算 U ...................................................................34 U 3.3.1 制热循环热力计算 U ...........................................................................34 U 3.3.2 蒸发器的校核计算 U ...........................................................................36 U 3.3.3 冷凝器的校核计算 U ...........................................................................37目录 - V - U 3.4 节流元件及辅助设备的选择计算 U ...........................................................37 U 3.4.1 节流元件的设计和选择 U ............