在严寒地区，由于建筑物冬季热负荷远大于夏季冷负荷，热泵冬季取热量较大， 常年运行会导致土壤平均温度不断下降，系统的性能系数逐年降低，本文提出了空 气热源土壤蓄热系统，将夏季高温空气的热量通过室外换热器和地埋管换热器蓄存 到自然土壤中，来补偿热泵冬季较大的土壤取热量，维持土壤温度场的年平衡，有 效利用了夏季的自然热能，具有较强的节能意义。 为了准确研究空气热源蓄热方式的蓄热特性，以及将其作为土壤源热泵辅助热 源的可行性，本文建立了空气热源土壤蓄热热泵供暖实验系统，监测了夏季高温空 气蓄热系统的蓄热性能和冬季热泵的取热性能，系统分析了全年蓄热、恢复和取热 过程土壤温度场的变化；在理论研究上，建立了单 U 型垂直地埋管、热泵机组、风 机盘管等数学模型，并验证了各部分数学模型在一定条件下的正确性、可靠性；使 用 Matlab 软件编制了系统全年动态仿真模型，模拟了系统在哈尔滨、长春、沈阳等 地区的全年运行过程，分析了土壤的蓄热取热特性，并比较了本系统与常规土壤源 热泵系统在哈尔滨地区多年运行后的经济性。 研究表明，夏季蓄热系统在一定程度上维持了土壤温度场的平衡，系统在以上 地区的全年性能系数均比常规土壤源热泵系统高；在哈尔滨地区多年运行后，系统 性能系数明显高于常规土壤源热泵系统，运行费用也较低，说明该系统用于严寒地 区建筑供暖是可行的。 本文为空气热源土壤蓄热热泵供暖系统在严寒地区的应用提供了部分理论依 据，为深入研究该系统提供了大量的基础数据，在一定程度上可以作为工程应用的 参考。 关键词，空气热源；土壤温度场；垂直单 U 型埋管；土壤蓄热 - I -哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位报告 Abstract In severe cold region, the heating load of building in winter is much larger than its cooling load in summer ,so GSHP must take much heat from soil in winter to satisfy the heating requirements, year after year, which would lead to declining of soil average temperature, and the system coefficient of performance would decrease too. The paper presents air source ground thermal storage system. It can store the quantity of heat of high temperature air in summer into the soil with the outdoor heat exchanger and vertical U tube ground heat exchanger to compensate the heat extracted by the heat pump in winter, and to maintain balance of the soil temperature field, which effectively uses the summer natural heat, therefore it has strong energy-saving significance. In order to accurately study the performance of air heating source thermal storage and its feasibility as the GSHP auxiliary heat source, in this paper established the air source ground thermal storage heat pump heating system test-bed, and monitored the performance of thermal storage of the summer high temperature air heating system and performance of heat pump heat extraction in winter, and systematically analyzed soil temperature field changes in the process of heat storage, recovery and extraction one year; in theoretical research, established the mathematical models of vertical single U-tube, heat pump unit, fan coil unit, verify the accuracy and reliability of mathematical model of different parts of the system under certain conditions, then programmed the system annual dynamic simulation model using Matlab software, and simulated the whole year operation of the system in Harbin, Changchun and Shenyang, and analyzed the characteristics of heat storage and heat extraction of soil, compared the economy of this system with conventional GSHP system in Harbin after year-round operation. This study shows that to some extent the air source geothermal storage system balance the soil temperature field, and the coefficient of performance of the GSHP with air source geothermal storage is higher than the conventional GSHP system when running all year round in those cities, especially when running in Harbin for several years, the system coefficient of performance is obviously higher than that of the conventional GSHP system, with the low running cost, which prove that the new system is feasible for building heating in severe cold region. The paper provided some theoretical basis for the application air heating source ground thermal storage heat pump heating system in cold region, a lot of basic data for in-depth study of the system, and to a certain extent could be a reference for engineering applications. Keywords: air heating source, soil temperature field, vertical single U-tube, ground thermal storage - II -哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位报告 目 录 摘要.........................................................................................................................I Abstract.......................................................................................................................II 第 1 章 绪 论.......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 课题背景及研究的目的和意义 ...................................................................... 1 1.1.1 能源环境现状分析 .................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 课题研究的目的及意义 ............................................................................ 2 1.2 国内外研究现状及分析 .................................................................................. 4 1.2.1 国内研究现状 ............................................................................................ 4 1.2.2 国外研究现状 ............................................................................................ 5 1.3 课题的主要研究内容 ...................................................................................... 8 第 2 章 空气热源土壤蓄热热泵供暖系统数理模型.............................................. 9 2.1 U型管土壤换热器数理模型的建立................................................................. 9 2.1.1 U型管换热器的物理模型 ......................................................................... 9 2.1.2 U型管换热器的数学模型 ....................................................................... 11 2.1.3 导热微分方程的离散 .............................................................................. 15 2.1.4 控制方程的离散 ...................................................................................... 15 2.1.5 边界条件的离散和处理 .......................................................................... 17 2.2 热泵机组的数学模型 .................................................................................... 18 2.3 风机盘管数理模型 ........................................................................................ 19 2.3.1 风机盘管的物理模型 .............................................................................. 19 2.3.2 风机盘管的数学模型 .............................................................................. 20 2.4 供暖房间的热力模型 .................................................................................... 21 2.5 模拟计算 ........................................................................................................ 22 2.6 本章小结 ........................................................................................................ 23 第 3 章 空气热源土壤蓄热热泵供暖系统实验台................................................ 24 3.1 实验系统概述................................................................................................. 24 3.2 实验系统的组成 ............................................................................................ 24 3.2.1 土壤换热器 ............................................................................................. 25 3.2.2 风机盘管 ................................................................................................. 26 3.2.3 热泵机组 ................................................................................................. 26 - III -哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位报告 3.2.4 测量系统 ................................................................................................. 27 3.3 本章小结......................................................................................................... 29 第 4 章 空气热源土壤蓄热热泵供暖系统实验.................................................... 30 4.1 实验目的 ..................................................................