摘 要 大众传媒对于一个国家的形象塑造具有举足轻重的作用，在中国 和平崛起的道路上，炒作“西藏问题”是美英等西方媒体抹黑中国形 象的常见手法之一。本文以代表美英主流媒体的《纽约时报》和《泰 晤士报》为样本，共选取 2001-2015 年这十五年间两份报纸的涉藏报 道 610 篇，通过对重要概念和理论的梳理、对数据和典型个案的实证 分析，总结这两份报纸涉藏报道的特征和发展趋势，深度解读西藏问 题的框架建构及历史变迁。主要围绕以下两个核心问题展开研究：第 一，新世纪以来美英主流媒体涉藏报道是否有固定的新闻报道框架？ 如果有，具体有哪些？第二，美英主流媒体涉藏报道呈现出了怎样的 我国西藏形象？ 全文共有七章内容： 第一章为导论，这一章中通过介绍研究背景及意义、文献综述、 研究问题、研究方法等内容，对本研究的总体框架进行了呈现。 第二章为历史研究，对美英视阈下的我国形象的演变历程及我国 西藏问题的历史由来进行了归纳研究，其中将我国国家形象的演变划 分为六个阶段。 第三章为本文的研究设计，包括样本选取原因、样本抽取方案、 类目建构、研究路径图和信度检验结果等。其中，类目建构为本章的 重要内容，本文在美国学者甘姆森提出框架理论的基础上，分别从新 闻框架研究的材料选择层面和构建层面出发，构建出了一套有针对性、 系统的“国际涉藏报道指标体系”。 第四章和第五章为实证研究。第四章主要针对《纽约时报》和《泰 晤士报》涉藏报道的特点和规律进行了详细的研究。以 2001-2015 年 两份报纸涉藏报道为核心，在框架理论和议程设置理论的指导下，运上海交通大学博士学位论文 I I 用内容分析法对《纽约时报》和《泰晤士报》涉藏国际报道进行了量 化研究,总结两份报纸的报道规律。 第五章中，综合运用框架分析、文本挖掘和个案分析等研究方法， 着重对《纽约时报》和《泰晤士报》涉藏报道中构建的中国西藏形象、 达赖喇嘛形象以及我国媒体形象进行了归纳和概括。得出我国西藏在 政治、经济、文化这三个方面的不同形象和特征。 最后，在对策研究部分，本文先是对美英主流媒体涉藏报道对我 国西藏形象塑造的影响和特点进行归纳，随后本文对这些现象产生的 原因分别从意识形态、国家利益、商业利益、国际竞争、文化认同等 五个方面进行分析和解释，并在此基础上，本文最终有针对性地提出 五条提升我国西藏形象的对策建议。 关键词：《纽约时报》，《泰晤士报》，涉藏报道，西藏形象，框架分析 目 录 摘 要 ··················································································································· I ABSTRACT ········································································································· III 第 1 章 导论 ······································································································· 1 1.1 研究缘起 ································································································· 1 1.2 文献综述 ································································································· 3 1.2.1 涉华国际报道研究综述 ······································································ 3 1.2.2 涉藏国际报道研究综述 ······································································ 6 1.3 重要概念厘定 ·························································································· 9 1.4 理论基础 ······························································································· 14 1.5 研究问题 ······························································································· 17 1.6 研究内容和框架 ···················································································· 17 1.7 主要创新点 ··························································································· 20 1.8 研究方法 ······························································································· 20 1.8.1 内容分析 ························································································· 20 1.8.2 框架分析 ························································································· 21 1.8.3 个案分析 ························································································· 21 1.8.4 文本挖掘 ························································································· 21 第 2 章 美英视阈下的中国形象演变及西藏问题由来 ································· 22 2.1 美英视阈下的中国形象演变 ··································································· 22 2.1.1 18 世纪前的传说：远东帝国的神话 ·················································· 23 2.1.2 鸦片战争的后遗症：充满血泪史的东亚病夫 ···································· 23 2.1.3 革命与保守的对撞：西方价值观的追随者 ······································· 24 2.1.4 铁幕下的无奈：被妖魔化的初生新政权 ··········································· 25 2.1.5 外交破冰：中西方的蜜月期里的合作伙伴 ······································· 26 2.1.6 重启意识形态之争：后冷战时期的竞争对手 ···································· 26 2.2 西藏问题由来 ························································································ 27 第 3 章 研究设计 ···························································································· 29 3.1 样本选取原因 ························································································ 29 3.2 样本抽取方案 ························································································ 30 上海交通大学博士学位论文 VI I 3.3 类目建构——国际涉藏报道指标体系构建 ············································· 30 3.3.1 材料选择层面 ·················································································· 31 3.3.2 材料构建层面 ·················································································· 33 3.4 本文研究路径图 ···················································································