I 摘要 创业的研究表明，创业机会在创业过程中扮演着重要的角色。学术界对机会 的来源有两种观点，一种认为机会是客观存在的，另一种认为机会是主观构建的。 而现在越来越多的学者注意到两种机会来源之间的二元性与融合观，认为两种机 会之间存在某种联系，共同形成并作用于创业过程，但目前尚未形成统一的结论。 本文采用网络视角，以一家持续产生创业机会的企业为研究对象，解释为什么创 业机会能够持续产生的现象，探究其过程机制。本文重点对以下两个方面进行了 研究， 第一，以网络视角探索了两种机会的产生过程，包含积蓄复杂性和尝试开放 性两个过程机制。积蓄复杂性是机会发现向机会构建的转化机制。企业创业之初 先以机会发现为入口，通过机会产生业务，每个业务对应了不同的创业网络。而 随着机会的不断发现，业务增多，创业网络逐渐积蓄，网络特征发生变化，网络 规模变大，网络中心度增加，网络多样性增强，结果就是企业所面临的环境变得 不稳定，市场标准缺失，市场供需不明确，业务逻辑发散，产生了机会构建的来 源。尝试开放性是机会构建向机会发现转化的机制。企业在原有网络的基础上， 开放性地进行新业务探索，建立新的网络。而新建立的企业网络对原网络有收敛 作用，网络特征随之变化，网络连接强度增强，网络连接正式程度增强。结果就 是企业面临的环境变得稳定，市场标准逐步建立，市场供需显性化，业务逻辑聚 焦，产生了机会发现。 第二，解释了为什么案例企业的机会能够持续产生，其根源在于两个机会产 生机制能否形成互动。机会发现和机会构建是可以相互转化的，但要让两者实现 循环转化需要结合积蓄复杂性和尝试开放性两个过程。积蓄复杂性实现了从机会 发现向机会构建的转化，伴随着网络逐渐变得复杂，环境不稳定；而尝试开放性 在此基础上对原有复杂网络产生影响，让网络变得相对有序，环境稳定。两者形 成良性互动后，网络特征便处于动态变化中，对应的创业环境在稳定与不稳定之 间转换，让机会发现和机会构建交替产生，创业机会形成循环转化的机制。 本文的创新点体现在，第一，本文采用了网络视角对创业机会的产生这一复 杂性过程进行了研究。创业网络具有开放性与复杂性，从而将机会与网络结合在 一起，网络特征的变化促使了不同类别机会的产生。第二，本文认为机会与机会 间是相互影响的，提出了机会发现和机会构建持续产生的过程机制。一方面，这 种机制有助于新创企业在积蓄复杂性和尝试开放性的互动中获得成长，为组织管摘要 II 理实践提供了解决创业难题的新视角；另一方面，有别于部分学者对机会产生过 程的研究，本文认为机会的产生是双向循环的，并且循环转化促使了新业务的不 断产生，这为创业机制的研究提供了重要启示。 关键词，创业，创业机会，网络视角，转化ABSTRACT III ABSTRACT Entrepreneurial research shows that entrepreneurial opportunities play an important role in the entrepreneurial process. The academic community holds two views on the source of opportunities. One thinks that opportunities are objective while the other thinks that opportunities are subjectively constructed. More and more scholars have noticed the duality between the two sources of opportunity. They believe there is a certain connection between the two opportunities, which form and act on the entrepreneurial process. No conclusion has been formed yet. This paper adopts the network perspective, and takes a company which continuously releases entrepreneurial opportunities as the research object, explains why the entrepreneurial opportunity can be released continuously, and explores the process mechanism. This paper mainly focuses on the following two aspects: First, the release process of the two opportunities is explored from a network perspective, including the two process mechanisms of accumulation complexity and attempting openness. Accumulation complexity is a transformation mechanisms from opportunity discovered to opportunity constructed.At the beginning of entrepreneurship, enterprise uses opportunity discovery as an entry, and generate opportunities for entrepreneurial business through each opportunity. Each business corresponds to a different entrepreneurial network. As opportunities are continuously discovered, business networks gradually accumulate, and network characteristics began to change: network scale, the degree of network center increases, and the diversity of the network increase. As a result, the entrepreneurial network environment becomes unstable, market standards are missing, supply and demand are not clear, business logic is diverged, and the source of opportunity constructed is released. Attempting openness is a mechanism from opportunity constructed to opportunity discovered. On the basis of the original entrepreneurial network, the enterprise conducts new business exploration and establishes a new network, and the newly established enterprise network has a convergence effect on the original network. The network characteristics change accordingly: the network diversity is weakened, the network connection strength is enhanced, and the official degree of network connection increased. As a result, the entrepreneurial network environment has become stable, market standards have beenABSTRACT IV gradually established, supply and demand have become explicit, and business logic is focused, resulting in opportunity discovered. Second, this paper explains why the opportunities can be released continuously. The root of the problem lies in whether the two opportunity release mechanisms can form an interaction. Opportunity discovered and opportunity constructed can be transformed into each other. The accumulation complexity realized the transformation from opportunity discovered to opportunity constructed, accompanied by the generation of complex networks. Attempting openness has a convergence effect on the original complex network, which reduces the complexity of the network. When the two mechanisms, the complexity of the network is constantly changing, and the corresponding entrepreneurial environment is transformed between stability and instability, so that opportunity discovered and opportunity constructed are alternately released. Finally the continuously release mechanism of entrepreneurial opportunities formed. The innovation of this paper are reflected in the following: First, this paper uses the network perspective to study the complexity process of entrepreneurial opportunities. Entrepreneurial networks are open and complex, which combining opportunities with networks. Changes in network characteristics have prompted the release of different opportunities. Second, this paper argues that opportunities are mutually influenced, and proposes the continuously release mechanism of opportunity. On the one hand, this mechanism helps new ventures to grow between accumulation complexity and attempting openness, and provides a new perspective for solving organizational problems; on the other hand, different from some scholars, this paper believes that the release of opportunities is a two-way cycle, and the cyclical transformation has prompted the continuous release of entrepreneurial business, which provides important insights for the study of entrepreneurial mechanisms. Keywords: entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial opportunities, network perspective, transformation目录 V 目 录 摘要................................................................................................................................I ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................... III 目 录................................................................................................................................ V 第一章 绪 论...................................................................................................................1 1.1 研究背景.............................................................................................................1 1.1.1 现实背景...................................................................................................1 1.1.2 理论背景...................................................................................................2 1.2 研究问题.............................................................................................................3 1.3 技术路线图.........................................................................................................4 1.4 研究方法...............................