I 摘要 钻井工程是油气勘探开发的重要环节，钻机作为钻井设备，靠内燃机(主要 是柴油机)为钻机提供动力。延长油田作为我国最早的陆上油田，延长油田钻井 每年消耗柴油数量巨大，一方面，尾气排放中含有 CO、HC、NOx、铅、苯等有毒 气体和致癌物质，制造了大量污染物和温室气体，对环境及人类健康造成极大危 害，另一方面钻井所需柴油费用巨大。在国家大力提倡节能减排的今天，作为高 耗能的钻井行业，开发应用天然气发动机技术，实现降本减排目标，具有重要意 义。经过半年多的项目论证、技术研发、财务分析，本报告在大量数据分析的基 础上，全面论证分析了天然气机驱动机械钻机项目在技术上是否合理，在市场上 是否符合需求，在经济上是否可行、在财务上是否盈利，为项目推进实施提供科 学参考。 天然气机用于钻井仅有英国进行过研究性试验，没有应用钻井的报道、文 献。目前应用于钻井的双燃料发动机均处于试验研制阶段。国内在气代油技术研 究与应用方面中国石油集团作了一些试验研究，发动机性能有待进一步优化。因 此，我们决心通过创新技术应用和内容创新等形式研发优化钻井天然气动力机。 通过研发团队的努力，本项目的关键技术已经突破，如确定了不同钻机的天然气 发动机的功率配置；增加液力偶合器传动，进一步加强天然气发动机作为钻井动 力的可靠性；根据天然气发动机的转速性能特点，对传动比进行改造，达到与原 钻井附属设备匹配性一致的要求，实现天然气发动机的动力匹配性研究的突破。 通过对不同钻机的天然气发动机的动力匹配性研究分析，提出天然气发动机在钻 井作业过程称中承受突击负载能力的技术解决方案。根据 LNG 性质，开发井场 LNG 配送工艺及制作钻井 LNG 供气撬。核心技术的攻克，从而实施动力机在柴油 机的基础上改装气体机，并且进行钻井作业试验，进而实现天然气机对柴油机的 完全取代。 本报告主要从以下几个方面分析论证了天然气机驱动机械钻机项目的技术合 理性和经济可行性，分别为，项目的背景和意义；可行性研究的理论和方法；行 业及市场分析；项目技术研发；项目组织管理；财务管理及投资效益分析；风险 控制等。 通过全方位、多角度的评估，我们认为天然气机驱动机械钻机项目符合国家 政策要求，符合行业发展趋势，符合市场需求，项目投资必要性充分，技术条件 成熟，资金来源明确，经济效益优异，社会效益显著，该项目可行。 关 键 词，天然气机， 机械钻井钻， 节能， 可行性研究 报告类型，应用基础技术ABSTRACT III ABSTRACT Drilling engineering is an important part of the development of oil and gas exploration, drilling rigs as drilling equipment, relying on i nternal combustion engines (mainly diesel) to power the rig. Yanchang Oilfield As China’s first onshore oil fields, oil drilling to extend a huge amount of diesel fuel consumed annually, on the one hand, emissions of toxic gases containing CO, HC, NOx, lead, benzene and other carcinogens and manufacture a large number of pollutants and greenhouse gases caused great harm to the environment and human health, on the other hand drilling required huge diesel. Strong proponent of energy conservation in the country today, as high energy drilling industry, development and application of natural gas engine technology to achieve cost reduction targets has important significance. Through the projects demonstration, technology research and development, finance analysis, based on a large amount of data, a comprehensive analysis of the natural gas engine power project in the drilling technology is reasonable, whether it meets the demand in the market, in the economic feasibility, financial profit, and provides scientific reference for the implementation to promote the project. Natural gas drilling machine for only the United Kingdom conducted research test, no application of drilling reports and documents. Dual fuel engine is used in drilling are in the experimental stage of development. In the domestic gas replacing oil technology research and application of China Petroleum Group made several experiments, the performance of the engine can be further optimized. Therefore, we determined through innovative technology and content innovation form of R & D optimization of drilling natural gas engine. Through our team effort, has been a breakthrough in the key technology of this project, such as the power allocation of natural gas engine with different drilling rig; hydraulic coupling transmission increase, further strengthen the reliability of drilling natural gas engine as power; according to the characteristics of natural gas engine speed, the transmission ratio of transformation, to match with the original drilling accessory the consistency of the requirements of equipment, realize the power of natural gas engine matching research breakthrough. Through the power of the natural gas engine rig, research and analysis, put forward in the process of drilling for natural gas engine under shock load capacity of the said technology solutions. According to the nature of LNG, the distribution process and development of drilling西安电子科技大学硕士学位报告 IV well LNG supply. To capture the core technology, so as to implement the power conversion gas machine based on diesel engine, and drilling test, so as to realize the natural gas of diesel engine to replace all. This thesis mainly analyzed from the following several aspects of the project of natural gas engines mechanical rig technical rationality and economic feasibility, respectively is : the background and significance of the project; a feasibility study on the theories and methods; industry and market analysis; product development ,the organization of the project management; financial management and investment benefit analysis; risk control. Through the all-round, multi-angle evaluation, we believe that Feasibility Study on natural gas engines mechanical rig items conform to the requirements of the national policy, in line with the industry development trend, in line with market demand, the project investment needs sufficient, mature technology conditions, capital source, good economic benefit and social benefit is remarkable, the project is feasible. Keywords: Natural gas engines, mechanical rig, energy saving, feasibility study Type of Dissertation: Applied Basic Technology插图索引 V 插图索引 图 2.1 燃气发电机组..................................................................................................11 图 2.2 天然气重卡汽车..............................................................................................11 图 3.1 天然气机耦合器简图.....................................................................................20 图 3.2 储气设备...........................................................................................................21 图 3.3 柴油机 ..............................................................................................................23 图 3.4 储气罐 ..............................................................................................................23 图 4.1 管理组织机构流程图....................................................................................30表格索引 VII 表格索引 表 2-1 国外机械钻机动力型式 ....................................................................................12 表 3-1 LNG供气系统基本参数....................................................................................22 表 3-2 钻进过程中设备运行参数 ................................................................................24 表 3-3 柴油及天然气比值表 .......................................................................................25 表 3-4 项目计划进度表 ................................................................................................28 表 3-5 项目研发计划甘特图 ........................................................................................28 表 4-1 项目组成员名单 ................................................................................................31 表 5-1 投资估算表 ........................................................................................................37 表 5-2 资金来源表 .......................................................................................................37 表 5-3 按用途划分资金使用表 ....................................................................................38 表 5-4 按进度划分资金使用表 ............................................................................