I 摘要 近年来大量传统村落在城镇建设的一次次浪潮中日益消亡，许多宝贵的传统文 化遗产与传统文化空间濒临灭绝，究其原因归结为三点：其一，城乡差距大的常态 化，城市吸引力驱动下使传统村落中的村民尤其是年轻劳动力向城市转移；其二， 商业开发的利益导向，使政府和开发商在传统村落内大搞建设，以旅游业最为常见， 破坏自然生态环境和传统文化遗迹，造成“城不像城，村不像村”；其三，传统村 落本身，由于原始社会发展而来的社会结构，传统村落依旧保留其最原始的生活状 态，社会制度不更新，农民无法靠土地致富。相对于城市，各个年龄群体正在向老 龄化群体转变，而城市发展目标还未向老龄化空间转型，城市的各个层级已难以承 载养老者这一庞大群体。从城乡发展的趋势中引发思考，构想能否一箭双雕将城市 空间与传统村落空间的这对显性载体进行功能置换，城市中的养老者与传统村落中 的剩余劳动力在各自内心诉求上达到双赢。具体构想为：试把当前传统村落单一的 居住、生活功能置换为“以养老功能为主，多元功能混合”的传统村落新思路，从 而改善传统村落中物质空间衰败的现象，扭转基于老龄化背景下城市空间“老无所 养与老无所乐”的尴尬局面。本研究旨在将农民脱贫与城市养老这两大当今最重要 的民生问题相关联，做“有温度的”规划者。 第一章为绪论，介绍了报告的缘起、研究背景、研究对象、目的与意义、研究 内容与研究方法，绘制报告研究框架，并阐述国内外相关理论与实践； 第二章为养老设施供需现状分析，主要根据已有研究资料，从养老设施需求、 供给以及养老产业的发展现状和对养老设施的供求关系进行剖析，全面、深入的反 映当前养老设施的现状，以期对其进行剖析和改善，并作为第四、五章两个核心章 节的前导认识； 第三章为传统村落的生存现状分析，根据实地调研资料及已有数据从物质空间 自然性损毁、居住人群空间性转移、配套设施建设性无序和社会组织基础性失衡， 四个方面对我国传统村落的生存现状进行分类，以对后文功能置换的可行性作铺垫； 第四章为传统村落功能置换的可行性研究，包括功能置换的前提、法则，养老 者的需求论证，传统村落的供给论证，可行性评价等内容； 第五章为传统村落功能置换的路径与措施探讨，列举相关案例借鉴，提出“养 老村”模式、相关组织保障和相关实施措施与探讨； 最后一部分是结论与展望，对前面五章的研究内容进行提炼与总结，并对我国 未来 “养老村”模式的发展趋势作出远景判断。摘要 II 关键词：养老产业；传统村落；功能置换；养老村。Abstract III Abstract In recent years, large quantities of traditional villages have disappeared in the waves of cities and towns’ construction and many precious traditional culture heritage and traditional culture space are becoming extinct, reasons can be attributed to three points, first, normalization of large urban-rural gap, driven by city attraction, villagers especially young labor forces are transferring to cities; second, interest-oriented business development makes government and developer make constructions in traditional villages, where tourism is the most common, which destroys ecological environment and traditional cultural heritage and causes phenomenon of City not Like City and Village not Like Village. Third, traditional village itself, social structure brought by original social development still remains at the most original state and villagers can’t make money on the land even with the update of social system. For city, all age groups are transforming toward aging, while the city development target has not been transformed to aging space and it becomes difficult for all levels in the city to raise the growing old group. Arousing reflection from the urban-rural development trend, imagine if it can make function replacement between city space and traditional village space to achieve killing two birds with one stone effect and meet win-win result in the inner demands between city old people and village labor force. Specific concepts include: try to replace current traditional living function in villages with new ideas of traditional village, which takes Old Care as the Main and Multi-Function as Assistance and in this way to improve material space decay phenomenon in rural villagers and reverse the embarrassing situation of Old without Raising and Old without Happiness under the background of aging in city space. This research combines two important current livelihood issues of poverty alleviation among villagers and city elderly care together to be a Planner with Temperature. Chapter one is introduction, which introduces origin, research background, research subject, purpose and significance, research content and research method and draws paper research frame and elaborates related theories and practice both at home and abroad; Chapter two is analysis of supply and demand situation of facilities for elders mainly according to existing research data from aspects of request of facilities for elderly, development status of supply and pension industry and relationship between supply and demand for facilities for elderly. Reflect current situation of facilities for elderly in a full and deep way to make understanding and improvement for it and make it as leading understanding of chapter four and chapter five two core chapters; Chapter three is analysis of current living situation in traditional villages. Make analysis of living situation in our traditional villages according to field research material and existing data from four aspects of physical space naturalness damage, space transferAbstract IV of people living, disorder of construction of facilities and imbalance of basic social organization looking forward to provide foundation for feasibility of function replacement in the following; Chapter four is feasibility research of function replacement in traditional villages. Make research on demonstration from premise and principle of function replacement and request of elderly caring, supply demonstration of the traditional villages and feasibility evaluation and cite related cases for studying; Chapter five is methods and measures discussion of function replacement in traditional villages, which proposes Retirement Village model, related organization guarantee, related implementation measures and exploration; The last chapter is conclusion and expectation, which makes extraction and summarization for former five chapters and also make prospect analyzing for the developing trend of Retirement Village in our country in future. Keywords: pension industry; traditional villages; function replacement; retirement village.目 录 5 目 录 摘要.........................................................................................................................................I ABSTRACT.............................................................................................................................III 目 录........................................................................................................................................5 第 1 章 绪 论...................................................................................................................1 1.1 研究的缘起与背景...............................................................................................1 1.1.1 选题来源.........................................................................................................................1 1.1.2 研究背景.........................................................................................................................2 1.1.3 研究对象.........................................................................................................................4 1.2 研究的目的与意义...............................................................................................5 1.2.1 研究目的.........................................................................................................................5 1.2.2 研究意义.........................................................................................................................5 1.3 概念的界定...........................................................................................................5 1.3.1 传统村落.........................................................................................................................5 1.3.2 老龄化..................................................................................