摘 要
社会保障其实是一种有关社会安全制度，指的是政府通过立法手段对国民收
入进行分配和再分配，对社会中的成员特别是那些生活有特殊困难的人们的基本
生活权利给予的一种保障。随着我国城市化进程的加快，越来越多的农村用地变
成了城市用地。在这场轰轰烈烈的城市化进程中，大量的农民从土地上分离出来，
丧失了对土地的使用权，成了失地农民。由于缺乏可持续性的制度安排，一些地
方的失地农民面临着“种地无田、上班无岗、社保无份”的困境。而且目前，这
一群体的数量已经相当可观，如何做好失地农民的社会保障工作，是城市化进程
亟需解决的核心问题，也关系着社会和谐与改革、发展、稳定的大局
自 2005 年下半年开始，为建设社会主义新农村，同时解决城市化进程中，
土地与发展之间的矛盾，天津市积极探索了以宅基地换房建设示范小城镇的新模
式，并已在多个区县完成了示范城镇的建设工作。这项工作取得了一些成绩也存
在着继续改进的空间。而目前，国内学术界对失地农民与土地征用问题研究的著
述不少，对失地农民生存问题形成原因及其所造成的社会问题已经有了很多描
述，并且从不同角度和层次上进行了理论分析，提出了不少政策建议。本文在回
顾相关理论和前人研究结论的基础上，从笔者的本职工作出发，以天津市葛沽镇
宅基地换房建设示范小城镇为实际案例，介绍了葛沽镇在示范小城镇建设中对失
地农民的补偿和社会保障安排，同时分析了存在的问题并提出了相关政策建议，
以期对今后的研究和工作的进一步展开有所裨益
关键词：失地农民 社会保障 示范城镇建设
ABSTRACT
Social Security is a social security system that the state and society distribute or
redistribute the national income through legislation to give basic rights of protection
to society members, especially the people living with special difficulties. With the
accelerated urbanization process in China, more and more rural land has turning into
urban uses. In this vigorous process of urbanization, a large number of farmers were
separated from the land, and became landless farmers. Because of lacking
sustainability arrangement, some parts of the landless farmers face many difficulties.
At present, the number of landless farmers is very large, how to do the social security
work of landless farmers is the core problem need to solve in the urbanization process,
also relates to social harmony , relates to reform, development and stability.
Since the second half of 2005，Tianjin began to explore a new model of the
construction of demonstrative town, and a number of counties have completed the
construction of the demonstration towns. In this process, there are some achievements
and there is also some spaces to be continue improved. Until now, the domestic
academic have done a lot of research on the problem of landless farmers and had a lot
of description on the reason and their affection of the landless farmers’survival
problems. Also scholars have made a lot of meaningful advices. In this paper, based
on reviewing of relevant theories and previous research findings, the author took
Tianjin Gegu Town as an actual example .By introduced what Gegu town did on the
social security arrangements in the construction of demonstrative town and analyzed
the problems it faced , the author gave some relevant recommendations in order to be
useful for future work.
KEY WORDS：Landless- Famers, Social Security, the Construction of
Demonstrative Town