本文主要是将套期保值的思想和技术引入燃料油企业的经营活动之中,从幽
际原油现货期货市场,国内燃料油现货期货情况,套期保值的知U{,国内小同企
业如何应用套期保值工具以及套期保值的应用模型等方而详细阐述了套期保值
理论在燃料油相关企业经营当中的应用,得出了一系列具有可操作性的结沦和建
议,最后着重给出了案例分析,强调了套期保值实施的的重要意义。论文力图通
过把先进的金融理论与燃料油卡H关介业现在|E|勺经营环境相结合,从而为提高企、Ik
套期保值决策的实施和精确度提供参考。立足于此,本文主要包括四个部分:
首先本文对世界原油现货与期货市场的发展进行了详细介绍,指出原油市场
的,并说明在实际运用中应注意的问题。
第二部分丌始介绍了燃料油的基础知识并对国内、外燃料油的市场情况进}J:
了系统的分析,最后『剿述了燃料油价格所受的影响因素。
第三部分着重说|!}j了套期保值的理论知识以及燃料油产业链上的食业各自
如何利用燃料油期货合约进行套期保值,并介绍了上海期货交易所燃料油合约和
其套期保值的规定和流程。
最后第四部分着重对套期保值的应用模型进行了专门的分解利讨论,指出如
何采用各种数学模型确定最佳套期保值比例,还讨论了基于企业收益的套期保值
模型,既而研究了实际情况中企、Ik亏损情况F的处理手段,最后以德精公司的套
期保值失败的案例说明会期保值在企、』k经营过程中普遍存在,必须加以重视和合
理利用,并通过该案例详细分析了企业在套期保值过程巾利t种需要注意要素以及
套期保值不可替代的作用。
关键词: 套期保值期货燃料油
ABSTRACT
In recent years,the price of international crude oil keeps rising.To the fuel oil
enterprises,the risk of price exposure becomes increasingly clean Accordingl y,those
enterprises have to use their funds effectively and evade the risk by the means of
product hedging and financial hedging.As the starting point of production and
operation of fuel oil enterprises,hedging is not only one of the most important
economic activities but also a fundamental prerequisite of enterprises’development.
Now that our country has just put out fuel oil futures and that we lack relative
research,this article maybe helpful to the development ofthose fuel oil enterprises.
The article introduces the idea and technology of hed百ng to the operation
activities of fuel oil enterprises.It involves the spot and futures market of
international crude oil,the spots and futures of domestic fuel oil,hedging knowledge,
how domestic enterprises use hedging tools and the application models of hedging.
The article also expounds how to apply the theory of hedging to the practice of
enterprise’S operation.Then,it draws a series of feasible conclusion and suggestion.
in the last part,it makes some case analysis and emphasizes the significance of
hedging.The article attempts to combine the advanced financial theory with the
operation environment of fuel oil enterprises and thus provides reference for
promoting the implementation and accuracy of hedging policy.The article includes 4
parts.
The first part specifically introduces the development of spot market and futures
market of international crude oil.In addition,this part has pointed out the problems,
which need attention in application.
The second part gives a brief introduction to the basic knowledge of fuel oil and
meanwhile makes a systemic analysis on fuel oil market of both home and abroad.At
last,it tells the factors that may affect the price of fuel oil.
The third part lays emphasis on the theory of hedging.Moreover,it shows how
those enterprises in industrial chains use futures contract of fuel oil to make hedging.
Then,it introduces the regulations and flow of fuel oil contract and it’S hedging of
Shanghai Futures Exchange.
The last part mainly disintegrates and discusses the application model of hedging.
In addition.it points out how to use mathematical model to determine the optimum
hedging proportion.In this part,the article also discusses the hedging model based on
enterprise profit and researches the solution in loss condition.In the end,the article
analyzes the case of MGRM to show the common existence of hedging in enterprises’
operation.Hedging must be emphasized and rationally used.The part makes detailed
analysis on the factors that enterprises should pay attentions to and the significance of
hedging.
Key Words:Hedging,Futures,Fuel Oil
导言
今年罔际政治、经济纷乱复杂,对于燃料油的影响异常频繁,特别是从今年
6月开始由于俄罗斯对于其第二大石油公司尤科斯公司的破产起诉以及伊拉克的
紧张局势的加剧,导致了04年11月的WTI原油期货合约价格涨至55荚,b一桶,
这样不uJ.避免的会对原油和燃料油的相关企业带来经营风险,『F是市场众多的不
确定性存在,风险暴露已经成为这些企、Ik要着重考虑的问题。
作为现代期货的经典理论之一,套期保值技术发展到今天,已经捌有了相当
丰富的研究成果,在实践生活当中的运用也已经比较成熟。以其为核心的一系列
分析乃法和研究成果被越来越多的推广到各个应用领域。尤其企业在不确定环境
中进行产品购销决策时,套期保值的作用举世公认,已经成为投资决策的小可或
缺的分析工具,近年来这方面的成果著述也不断涌现。这种情况在原油及其产品
等波动性比较强烈的期货品种面前,其应用效率的高低直接关系企业的生死成
败。棚比之下,套期保值技术在我国石、油及其相关产业的应用研究比较薄弱,这
可能与我国的石油价格体系,油品的定价政策有关。所以,本文选择了已经在幽
内有期货品种开针{,流通交易都比较市场化的燃料油作为研究的对象,既可以帮
助该行业的企业掌握套期保值的技术,义可以作为以后研究石油期货的基础。
同时还由于套期保值的技术普遍存在于氽业经营决策过程当中,在企业生产
规划、资金调配、经营风险分析和控制、价格风险暴露的规避等方l自1都有重要影
响,如果不能加以恰当的运用和把握这一技术,会给企、lk决策带来较大的偏筹和
风险。
故此本文针对国际石油和燃料油罔内外市场的特点,存广泛吸收借鉴各项研
究的基础上,对于燃料油企业套期保值决策中应重点关注的一系列问题提出了相
应的观点和对策,力图从定量分析的角度对于企业现有的决策思想加以改进,提
供一个有具有前瞻性和实用性的参照。