Topic      Introduction 1. Evolution of an Idea People have been planning and managing Projects since the dawn of time. Whenever and wherever civilizations took root, there were projects to manage: building to erect, roads to pave, laws to write. Without the advanced tools, techniques and methodologies we have today, people created project timelines, located materials and resources and weighed the risk involved. Examples: great wall …… Over time, people realized that the techniques for cost control,timeline development, resource procurement and risk management were applicable to a wide range of projects,whether erecting bridges, rotating crops or deciding how to govern themselves. These early idea were the precursors to a set of management techniques we now know as “modern project management”. Modern organizations are finding that project management provides many advantages--not the least of which is improving the bottom line! Savvy customers demand more and better products and faster services. Time-to-market pressures forces greater efficiency. Professional project management has found its place in today’s competitive, global business arena. The past several decades have been marked by a rapid growth in the use of project management as a means by which Org. achieve their objectives. PM has emerged because the characteristics of our late 20th society demand the development of new methods of management. The exponential expansion of human knowledge; The growing demand for broad range of complex,sophisticated,customized goods and services; The evolution of worldwide competitive markets. All 3 forces combine to mandate the use of TEAM to solve problems that used to be solvable by individuals. Knowledge expansion-TEAM: call for high level of coordination and cooperation between groups of people. Intensive Competition-make their complex,customized outputs available as quickly as possible. “Time-to-market” is critical. The projects undertake are large and getting larger. “The more we can do, the more we try to do”. Project fails too often Systems projects: 30-45%of system projects fail prior to completion. Over half of all system projects overrun their budgets and schedules by up 200% or more. Combined costs of failure and overruns total in the hundreds of billions of dollars. Computerworld’s survey: failed system projects cost more than $100 billion per year; one of two projects overrun its budget by 180% or more; A survey of what was missing in PM process indicated: project office-42%; integrated methods-41%; training and monitoring-38%; policies and procedures-35%; implementation plans-23%; executive support-22% Example of failed project……China, Rest of the world