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成都大学硕士学位论文
摘
要
2014年06月,证监会发布了《关于上市公司实施员工持股计划试点的指导意见》,
标志着员工持股计划的正式回归。员工持股计划能够解决财富分配不均问题、优化资源
配置,也常常作为改善公司治理水平的工具。我国员工持股计划实施较晚,相关研究也
较为薄弱,对于员工持股计划的认识需进一步加深,由于员工持股计划实施要素的复杂
性,员工持股计划的实施效果不尽相同,因此,进一步研究不同的员工持股计划的实施
效果显得尤为必要。
本文着重探索了员工持股计划的实施要素以及实施员工持股计划的企业的产权性
质对企业产生的经济效果,包括市场反应、财务绩效、公司治理水平三方面。根据员工
持股计划的理论基础以及相关研究,提出了员工持股计划实施的经济后果的9个研究假
设。本文以 2014年 6月至 2019年 12月A股上市公司数据为基础,采用事件研究法和
回归分析法以及 DID检验,从多角度研究了中国员工持股计划对企业经济后果的影响。
回归分析结果表明,从提高公司财务绩效与改善公司治理水平上看,相比于股票期
权,采用限制性股票作为激励标的企业,其员工持股计划的实施效果更好,且该差异在
时间上具有持续性;相较与从二级市场回购,采用非公开发行股票的方式,其员工持股
计划的实施效果更好,且该差异在时间上具有持续性;无论是从长期还是短期来看,员
工持股计划的实施比例与企业公司治理水平的提升是显著正相关的,但在短期内,员工
持股计划的实施比例的增加并不会改善企业的财务绩效,只有在长期,员工持股计划实
施比例的增加才会对企业的财务绩效具有改善作用,原因可能在于员工持股计划是一项
长期激励制度,其对财务绩效的作用机制较为复杂,需要经过一段时间才能发挥作用;
事件研究结果表明员工持股计划的预案公告在短期内也会对引起积极的市场反应;本文
通过DID检验也发现,相对于非国有企业来说,国有企业实施员工持股计划的效果较差。
最后,本文从监管部门制度设计、上市公司实践和员工个体选择三个层面提出了员
工持股计划完善建议。整体来看,本文对员工持股计划与企业经济效应关系进行了较为
深入的探讨,具有一定的理论意义和实践意义,丰富了员工持股计划方案设计方面的理
论基础,也为企业实施员工持股计划提供了启发。
关键词:员工持股计划;经济效果;公司治理水平;财务绩效;市场反应
I
上市公司员工持股计划及其经济效果研究
Abstract
In June 2014, the guidance on the pilot implementation of ESOP by listed companies was
issued. It marks the formal return of the employee stock ownership plan. ESOP is used to solve
the problems of uneven distribution of wealth and labor capital contradiction. It is also often
used as a tool to improve the effect of corporate governance. The implementation of ESOP in
China is relatively late and the relevant research is relatively weak. The understanding of ESOP
needs to be further deepened. Due to the complexity of the implementation factors of ESOP,
the implementation effects of ESOP are different and controversial. At the same time, compared
with western countries, the domestic ESOP started late and the relevant research is weak.
Therefore, it is particularly necessary to further study the implementation effect of different
employee stock ownership plans.
This paper focuses on the impact of the implementation elements of ESOP on the
economic effect of enterprises, including market response, financial performance and the
quality of corporate governance. According to the theoretical basis of ESOP and related
research, this paper puts forward seven research hypotheses of ESOP. Using the data of A-share
listed enterprises, this paper investigates the relationship between employee stock ownership
plan and enterprise economic effect by using event research method and regression analysis
method and DID test.
Theresults ofregressionanalysisshow thatcomparedwithstockoptions, the
implementation effect of employee stock ownership plan of enterprises that use restricted stocks
as incentive targets is better in terms of improving the financial performance and corporate
governance, and the difference is persistent in time; Compared with the repurchase from the
secondary market, the implementation effect of its employee stock ownership plan is better by
non-public issuance of shares, and the difference is continuous in time; Whether in the long
term or short term, the implementation ratio of employee stock ownership plan is significantly
and positively related to the improvement of corporate governance. However, in the short term,
the increase of the implementation ratio of employee stock ownership plan will not improve the
financialperformance ofthe enterprise.Onlyin thelongterm, theincreaseof the
implementation ratio of employee stock ownership plan will improve the financial performance
of the enterprise, The reason may be that ESOP is a long-term incentive system, and its
mechanism of action on financial performance is relatively complex, which takes a period of
time to play its role; The results of the event study show that the announcement of the ESOP
plan will also cause a positive market reaction in the short term; Through DID test, this paper
also finds that compared with non-state-owned enterprises, the effect of implementing ESOP in
state-owned enterprises is poor.
Finally, this paper puts forward some suggestions on the improvement of ESOP from the
three levels of government, enterprises and employees. On the whole, this paper makes a more
II