摘要
脱贫攻坚背景下农产品滞销关键因素研究
——以河南省Q村为例
摘要
2020年是全面打赢脱贫攻坚战收官之年，也是全面建成小康社会目标实现之年。要
想打赢脱贫攻坚战，稳定提高农民收入是首要的目标。近年来，农产品滞销现象频繁发
生，由于农产品销售是农民收入的重要来源，因此解决了农产品滞销问题就大幅度提高
了农民收入，对于完成当今脱贫攻坚这一重大历史任务有着重要的意义。
河南省是我国排名第一的的农业大省，从事农产品种植的人员众多，由于造成农产
品滞销的原因较多，为准确找出导致农产品滞销的关键因素，本文在地域上选择河南省
Q村作为研究对象。
首先，通过对当前的农产品滞销相关文献进行梳理，对农产品和农产品滞销进行概
念上的界定，并明确农产品滞销的特点。然后结合 Q村农产品销售现存问题，通过文献
研究法、案例分析法和专家访谈法，共识别出 12个农产品滞销因素，并就每个因素对
农产品滞销作用机理进行了详细阐释。在此基础上设计问卷，向 Q村从事农产品种植的
农户发放问卷然后获得基础数据。其次运用熵权法、主成分分析法及回归分析法进行定
量研究，借助 SPSS软件筛选出 5个关键滞销因素。文章最后，根据分析过程和分析结
果，针对这 5个关键因素提出应对策略。研究主要得到以下结论：
（1）本文识别出 12个滞销因素，利用熵权法分析权重得出：销售渠道单一、农产
品没有品牌特色、物流运输体系不完善、农民盲目种植、产销信息不对称所占权重较大，
并通过回归分析得出这 5个因素是影响 Q村农产品销售的关键因素。
（2）利用主成分分析法将 12个滞销因素分为五大类，即销售因素、物流因素、生
产因素、价格因素、自身因素。最后筛选出销售渠道单一、农产品没有品牌特色、物流
运输体系不完善、农民盲目种植、产销信息不对称是影响 Q村农产品销售的关键因素。
（3）针对这 5个关键因素提出较为详细的应对策略，以期促进 Q村农产品销售，
提高农民收入，达到脱贫目的。
本文深化了农产品滞销关键因素的研究，研究成果有助于国家脱贫攻坚举措和乡村
振兴战略的实施，也为其它贫困地区农产品滞销现象提供了方法借鉴。
关键词：脱贫攻坚；农产品滞销；关键因素
I
ABSTRACT
STUDY ON THE KEY FACTORS OF UNSALABLE
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS UNDER THE
BACKGROUND OF POVERTYALLEVIATION—TAKE
Q VILLAGE IN HENAN PROVINCE AS AN EXAMPLE
ABSTRACT
2020 is the year when we will win the battle against poverty in an all-round way and
achieve the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way.In order to win the battle
against poverty, the primary goal is to steadily increase farmers' income. In recent years,
affected by the epidemic, unsalable agricultural products have occurred frequently. The sale of
agricultural products is an important source of farmers' income. Therefore, solving the
problem of unsalable agricultural products has greatly improved farmers' income, which is of
great significance to complete the major historical task of poverty alleviation.
Henan Province is the largest agricultural province in China. There are many people
engaged in the planting of agricultural products. Due to many reasons for the unsalable of
agricultural products, in order to accurately find out the key factors leading to the unsalable of
agricultural products, this paper selects Q village in Henan Province as the research object.
Firstly, by combing the current literature on unsalable agricultural products, this paper
defines the concept of unsalable agricultural products and unsalable agricultural products,
defines the characteristics of unsalable agricultural products, and then combines the existing
problems of agricultural products sales in Q village. Through literature research, case analysis
and expert interview, 12 unsalable factors of agricultural products are identified, and the
mechanism of each factor on unsalable agricultural products is explained in detail. On this
basis, a questionnaire was designed and distributed to farmers engaged in agricultural
products planting in Q village, and then the basic data were obtained. Secondly, entropy
weight method, principal component analysis and regression analysis method are used for
quantitative research, and five key unsalable factors are selected with the help of SPSS
software. Finally, according to the analysis process and results, this paper puts forward
countermeasures for these five key factors. The main conclusions are as follows:
(1) This paper identifies 12 unsalable factors and uses entropy weight method to analyze
the weight. It is concluded that the key factors affecting the sales of agricultural products in Q
village are single sales channel, no brand characteristics of agricultural products, imperfect
logistics and transportation system, farmers' blind planting and asymmetric production and
marketing information.
(2) Using principal component analysis, the 12 unsalable factors are divided into five
III
华北水利水电大学硕士学位论文
categories: Sales factors, logistics factors, production factors, price factors and self factors.
Finally, the key factors affecting the sales of agricultural products in Q village are single sales
channel,nobrandcharacteristicsofagriculturalproducts,imperfectlogisticsand
transportation system, farmers' blind planting and asymmetric production and marketing
information.
(3) Inview ofthese fivekey factors,this paperputs forwardmore detailed
countermeasures in order to promote the sales of agricultural products in Q village, improve
farmers' income and achieve the purpose of poverty alleviation.
This paper deepens the research on the key factors of unsalable agricultural products.
The research results not only contribute to the implementation of national poverty alleviation
measures and Rural Revitalization Strategy, but also provide a method reference for the
unsalable phenomenon of agricultural products in other poor areas.
KEY WORDS: Poverty alleviation；Unsalable agricultural products；Key factors
IV