摘要
科技全球化时代，技术竞争成为主流。作为各国竞争的核心，高科技领域逐渐上升为国
家科技实力的首要表征。新能源汽车产业以巨大技术突破及空前发展需求两大特点进入人们
的视野，技术创新充当了新能源汽车产业发展的强力助推器。然而创新存在高风险和外溢效
应，极易造成市场失灵。为解决该问题，我国先后颁布了一揽子财政政策，其中政府补贴已
成为促进新能源汽车行业提升创新能力的有力武器。尽管补贴投放规模逐渐扩大，我国新能
源汽车产业的创新水平和创新效率仍不容乐观，甚至部分企业出现重复建设和产能过剩等严
峻问题。因此，考察政府补贴是否能够加速新能源汽车发展、促进研发投入、提升技术创新
绩效及效率具有重要意义。
本文以新能源汽车上市企业为分析样本，考察政府补贴对企业技术创新的影响方向与作
用程度。通过回顾、整理国内外相关文献，基于外部性理论、内生经济增长理论、信息非对
称与市场失灵理论构建研究模型，将企业技术创新分为创新投入、创新绩效、创新效率三个
维度，其中在创新效率的测度上，本文采用数据包络分析方法，分别从静态和动态两大方面
进行了全面的阐述。回归的过程中，选用固定效应模型讨论政府补贴对创新投入和绩效的影
响，选用 Tobit模型分析政府补贴对创新效率的作用，并根据不同因变量分别匹配合适的控制
变量加以研究。此外，本文还根据企业性质和地区分布，将样本划分为国有和非国有、东部
和中西部两种属性，作异质性分析，最后通过重新衡量政府补贴强度进行稳健性检验。最终
形成以下结论：
第一，新能源汽车企业技术创新效率处于低水平，创新投入转化率不高；
第二，政府补贴明显提升了企业创新投入，但抑制了创新绩效和效率；
第三，对创新投入而言，非国有企业和东部地区企业促进作用更加显著，对于创新绩效
和创新效率而言，非国有企业和东部企业的抑制作用更加明显。
本文丰富了已有文献的研究成果，结论可以给相关理论提供经验支撑，同时也为政府提
出了实质性的政策建议，有利于助力我国新兴产业发展，帮助实现创新型国家的建设目标。
关键词：新能源汽车；政府补贴；技术创新投入；技术创新绩效；技术创新效率
I

Abstract
In the era of globalization of science and technology, technological competition has become
the mainstream. As the core of competition among countries, the high-tech field has gradually
become the primary representation of national scientific and technological strength. The new energy
vehicle industry has entered people's vision with the characteristics of huge technological
breakthrough and unprecedented development demand. Technological innovation has acted as a
strong booster for the development of the new energy vehicle industry. However, technological
innovation has high risk and spillover effect, which can easily cause market failure. In order to
solve this problem, China has promulgated a package of fiscal policies, in which government
subsidies have become a powerful weapon to promote the innovation ability of the new energy
vehicle industry. Despite the gradual expansion of the scale of subsidies, the innovation level and
efficiency of China's new energy vehicle industry is still not optimistic, and even some enterprises
have serious problems such as repeated construction and excess capacity. Therefore, it is of great
significance to investigate whether government subsidies can accelerate the development of new
energy vehicles, promote R&D investment, and improve the performance and efficiency of
technological innovation.
This paper takes the listed enterprises of new energy vehicles as research samples to
investigate the influence direction and effect degree of government subsidies on technological
innovation of enterprises. Based on the theory of externality, endogenous economic growth,
information asymmetry and market failure, a research model is constructed by reviewing and
sorting out relevant literatures at home and abroad. In this paper, enterprise technological
innovation is divided into three dimensions: innovation input, innovation performance and
innovation efficiency. In the measurement of innovation efficiency, data envelopment analysis
method is adopted to comprehensively expatiate from static and dynamic aspects respectively. In
the process of regression, the fixed effect model was used to discuss the influence of government
subsidies on innovation input and performance, and the Tobit model was used to analyze the effect
of government subsidies on innovation efficiency, and the appropriate control variables were
matched according to different dependent variables for research. In addition, according to the nature
of enterprises and regional distribution, this paper also divided the samples into state-owned and
non-state-owned enterprises, eastern and central and western regions for heterogeneity analysis.
II

Finally, the robustness test was conducted by re-measuring the intensity of government subsidies.
The final conclusions are as follows:
First, the technological innovation efficiency of new energy vehicle companies is at a low level,
and the transformation rate of innovation input is not high;
Second, government subsidies significantly increase innovation input, but inhibited innovation
performance and innovation efficiency;
Third, in terms of innovation input, non-state-owned enterprises and enterprises in eastern
China have a more significant promoting effect, while in terms of innovation performance and
innovation efficiency, non-state-owned enterprises and enterprises in eastern China have a more
significant inhibiting effect.
This article has enriched the research results of the existing literature, and the conclusions can
provide empirical support for relevant theories. At the same time, it also puts forward substantive
policy recommendations for the government, which is conductive to the development of China's
emerging industries and the realization of the goal of building an innovation-oriented country.
Key words: New energy vehicles; Government subsidies; Technological innovation input;
Technological innovation performance; Technological innovation efficiency
III
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