摘要
摘要
传统建筑行业采用现场浇筑混凝土的方式，施工粗放，质量保证率低，施工周期长，
环境污染严重，特别是建筑业能耗，相比于发达国家建筑耗能占全国总耗能比例的30%～
40%，我国的建筑耗能比高达 46%，建筑行业能源消耗高是制约建筑业发展的主要问题。
进入 21世纪以来，城镇化规模日益扩大，对建筑供应量的需求急剧增加，为解决制约
建筑业发展的瓶颈问题，寻求一种新型的建筑建造方式，实现建筑行业的深化改革，成
为各级政府及相关领域推动建筑行业发展的重要方向。
经过几十年的发展，日本、美国等国家对装配式建筑的应用已经较为成熟，而我国
的装配式建筑行业才刚刚起步，在相关施工技术、结构性能、行业规范以及推广政策等
方面存在很多不足，使得装配式建筑比例和规模化程度较低，实际开展中面临很多推广
应用障碍，因此，有必要更加深入地研究制约我国装配式建筑推广实施的关键因素，并
针对性地提出研究策略，来更好地促进装配式建筑的发展，助力建筑行业完成改革。
本文主要的研究内容如下：（1）进行大量文献、政策等文件的阅读工作，充分了
解装配式建筑的定义、特点及其与传统现浇式的区别，归纳总结国内外装配式建筑的研
究现状及相关基础理论。（2）根据实际推进情况，通过专家访谈的形式了解我国装配式
建筑在推进过程中面临的障碍，借鉴已有的装配式建筑发展制约因素研究的文献，初步
提取出 44个制约我国装配式建筑推广实施的因素。（3）通过线上与线下问卷调研，运
用 SPSS22.0软件对收集的数据进行探索性因子分析，根据因子分析后的结果，识别出 5
大类公因子和 24个主要因素。为进一步探究主要制约因素之间的关系及对装配式建筑
顺利推广实施的影响程度，综合已有的成果提出 5个假设，并构建结构方程模型，将数
据导入 AMOS22.0软件，进行数据拟合和路径系数计算，模型经过 3次修正达到最优，
按照路径系数对制约因素进行量化排序，确定各因素对装配式建筑顺利推广实施的影响
量级。（4）通过结构方程模型清晰地得出了各制约因素的权重，明确了我国装配式建筑
推广实施的关键制约因素，并从政策保障、市场推动、经济激励、技术支撑和社会意识
五个方面提出加速推进装配式建筑的对策建议。
关键词：装配式建筑；制约因素；结构方程模型；对策建议
I

Abstract
Abstract
The traditional construction industry adopts the method of pouring concrete on site,
which has extensive construction, low quality assurance rate, long construction period, serious
environmental pollution, especially energy consumption in construction industry. Compared
with the developed countries, the proportion of energy consumption in construction accounts
for 30%-40% of the total energy consumption, while in China the ratio of energy
consumption in construction industry is as high as 46%. High energy consumption in
construction industry are the main problems restricting the development of construction
industry. Since the 21st century, the increasing scale of urbanization and the sharp increase of
demand for building supply, it has become an important direction for governments at all
levels and related fields to promote the development of the construction industry to find a new
way of building construction and realize the deepening reform of the construction industry in
order to solve the bottleneck problem restricting the development of the construction industry.
After decades of development, the application of assembled buildings in Japan, the
United States and other countries has been relatively mature, while China's assembled
construction industry has just started, and there are many shortcomings in the related
construction technology, structural performance, industry specifications and promotion
policies, which make the proportion and scale of assembled buildings low, and face many
obstacles to popularization and Application in practice. Therefore, it is necessary to further
study the key factors that restrict the implementation of assembly building promotion in
China, and put forward research strategies to better promote the development of assembly
building and help the construction industry to complete the reform.
The main research contents of this paper are as follows: (1) I read a lot of literature and
policy documents to fully understand the definition, characteristics and differences between
assembly buildings and traditional cast-in-place buildings, and summarize the research status
and relevant basic theories of assembly buildings at home and abroad. (2) According to the
actual promotion situation, the obstacles faced by China's prefabricated buildings in the
promotion process were understood through the form of expert interviews. By referring to the
existing literature on the development constraints of prefabricated buildings, 44 factors
restricting the promotion and implementation of China's prefabricated buildings were
preliminarily extracted. (3)Through online and offline questionnaire survey, SPSS22.0
software was used to conduct exploratory factor analysis on the collected data. According to
the results of factor analysis, 5 categories of common factors and 24 main factors were
identified. In order to further explore the relationship between the main constraints and the
impact on the implementation level of assembly buildings, five hypotheses are put forward
based on the existing results, and a structural equation model is constructed. The data are
imported into AMOS 22.0 software to fit the data and calculate the path coefficient. The
model is optimized after three revisions, and the constraints are quantitatively sorted
according to the path coefficient. Determine the magnitude of the impact of various factors on
the implementation level of assembly building promotion. (4) Through the structural equation
model, the weight of each restrictive factor is clearly obtained, and the key restrictive factors
for the promotion and implementation of assembly building in China are identified. The
countermeasures and suggestions for accelerating the promotion of assembly building are put
forward from five aspects: policy guidance, market promotion, economic incentive, technical
support and social awareness.
II
。。。以下略