文本描述
我国上市公司商誉减值的同伴效应研究
摘
要
近年来,中国资本市场上经历了多次的并购浪潮,并购是企业扩大规模、提高竞
争力的重要手段。但是并购是一把双刃剑,商誉本质是一种无形资源,当作为一项资
产列入财务报表中时,就增加了一份不确定性因素,而当被并购方不能实现预期增值
收益时,企业就会计提商誉减值。商誉泡沫是大并购浪潮下高溢价并购的后遗症,商
誉减值引起的风险也会逐渐暴露,并且由于同伴效应的存在,促使企业间的行为趋同,
放大商誉减值本身的风险,可能引发许多企业利润的大幅亏损,以及造成其他不良经
济后果。鉴于此,本文基于同伴效应的视角,进一步探讨商誉减值问题。
本文研究企业商誉减值同伴效应的存在性及其影响因素和经济后果,以 2012—
2020年我国 A股上市公司为研究对象,基于对文献的梳理和信息不对称理论、委托代
理理论、信号传递理论和社会学习等相关理论的分析,提出相应的研究假设,再通过
描述性统计、相关性分析以及多元回归方式来研究公司商誉减值同伴效应。本文首先
对商誉减值行业及地区同伴效应进行检验;在此基础上,本文从企业异质性角度讨论
商誉减值同伴效应的影响因素;进一步从对股价崩盘的影响和对公司经营绩效的影响
这两个方面研究商誉减值同伴效应的经济后果。实证检验使用 OLS和 2SLS两种回归
模型,并使用差分检验、改变行业地位测量方法、缩减样本量以及控制共同行业冲击
的方法进行稳健性检验。研究发现:(1)商誉减值存在行业同伴效应,即同行业企业
商誉减值会对焦点企业有显著正向影响。公司在进行商誉减值决策时会学习行业同伴
企业的行为。但商誉减值不存在地区同伴效应。(2)从企业异质性角度分析商誉减值
行业同伴效应发现:一、相比于行业追随者,行业领先者受到的同伴企业商誉减值决
策影响更大;二、初创期企业比成熟期企业更易受到商誉减值同伴效应的影响;三、
企业高管的教育背景异质性越高,焦点企业受到的同伴企业商誉减值影响越大;四、
企业高管的金融背景异质性越高,越容易受到同伴企业商誉减值的影响;五、基于不
同公司治理水平研究发现,相比于公司治理水平较高的企业,治理水平较低的企业自
主决策能力更弱,更依赖于同伴企业的商誉减值决策行为;六、关于同伴信息质量异
质性对商誉减值同伴效应的影响研究,以财务信息披露指数作为同伴企业的信息质量
指标,发现当目标企业可以获得较高质量的同伴信息时,商誉减值同伴效应会更明显。
(3)从商誉减值行业同伴效应引发的经济后果方面看,公司自身商誉减值会引起个股
股价崩盘风险的增加,但同伴企业商誉减值对焦点企业股价崩盘风险影响并不明显;
在对经营绩效的影响方面,发现商誉减值会引起公司自身当年经营绩效的下降,而同
伴企业商誉减值不仅会负向影响焦点企业当年的经营绩效,并且由于滞后效应的存在,
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摘要
对未来两年焦点企业的经营绩效都有明显的负向影响。
现有研究通常是假设公司制定商誉减值决策时,是仅根据自身情况独立进行的,
本文则从同伴效应角度出发,基于企业间的学习行为来解释公司商誉减值计提行为,
丰富了关于企业商誉减值计提的影响因素方面的文献。本文不仅检验商誉减值同伴效
应的存在性,还研究企业异质性在其中的影响作用,丰富了现有的相关研究成果。目
前现有文献对于同伴效应研究主要集中在存在性和影响因素的探讨上,对其可能引发
的经济后果的研究还比较匮乏,本文分别从股价崩盘风险和经营绩效两个方面,进一
步研究商誉减值同伴效应的经济后果。另外本文对管理层理性对待并购重组工具也具
有重要参考意义。
关键词:商誉减值;同伴效应;企业异质性;股价崩盘风险;经营绩效
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我国上市公司商誉减值的同伴效应研究
Abstract
In recent years, China's capital market has experienced many waves of mergers and
acquisitions. Mergers and acquisitions are an important means for companies to expand
their scale and improve their competitiveness. However, mergers and acquisitions are a
double-edged sword. Goodwill is essentially an intangible resource. When it is listed as an
asset in the financial statements, it adds an uncertainty factor, and when the acquired party
cannot realize the expected value-added benefits, the company takes account of the
impairment of goodwill. The goodwill bubble is the sequela of high-premium mergers and
acquisitions under the wave of large mergers and acquisitions. The risks caused by goodwill
impairment will gradually be exposed, and due to the existence of the peer effect, the
behavior of enterprises will be converged, which will magnify the risk of goodwill
impairment itself. Triggered large losses in profits for many companies, as well as other
adverse economic consequences. In view of this, this thesis further discusses the problem of
goodwill impairment based on the perspective of peer effect.
This thesis studies the existence of corporate goodwill impairment peer effect, its
influencing factors and economic consequences, taking my country's A-share listed
companies from 2012 to 2020 as the research object, Based on the review of literature and
analysis of related theories such as information asymmetry theory, principal-agent theory,
signaling theory and social learning, put forward corresponding research hypotheses, and
then study the peer effect of corporate goodwill impairment through descriptive statistics,
correlation analysis and multiple regression methods. This thesis firstly tests the peer effect
of goodwill impairment industries and regions; on this basis, this thesis studies the
influencing factors of the goodwill impairment peer effect, and studies the goodwill
impairment peer effect from the perspective of corporate heterogeneity; Further study the
economic consequences of the goodwill impairment peer effect from two aspects: the
impact on the stock price crash and the impact on the company's operating performance.
Empirical tests used both OLS and 2SLS regression models, and robustness tests were
performed using differential tests, changing industry status measures, reducing sample size,
and controlling for common industry shocks. The study found that: (1) There is an industry
peer effect in the impairment of goodwill, that is, the impairment of goodwill of companies
in the same industry will have a significant positive impact on key companies. Companies
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