摘要
论文题目：商业银行数字化转型的绩效研究——以中国农业银行为例
论文类型：案例分析
专业方向：金融投资管理方向
指导教师：杜雪君
摘要
商业银行在人们生活中有着不可替代的功能性作用，也是金融业的重要组成
部分，随着数字化时代的到来，现代金融科技技术与商业银行金融服务的结合越
来越紧密，在社会环境走向更加科技化的当下，商业银行的数字化转型一方面被
动受到金融科技的推动而进一步发展，另一方面商业银行意识到了数字化业务发
展的重要性，自主进行转型升级，以提高自身服务水平。数字化的创新功能为商
业银行的数字化转型提供了可行的路径和技术支持，但是各大商业银行在技术方
面的投入和创新力可能还存在不足，或者投入冗余而没有相应的有效产出。中国
农业银行以“三农”作为自身烙印，2019年制定了“推进数字化转型，再造一个
农业银行”的数字化战略，作为传统的国有大行，中国农业银行正逐步发力数字
化转型，因此本文以中国农业银行数字化转型的发展对其绩效的影响展开研究，
具有一定的代表性。
本文结合规范研究和案例研究，首先通过阅读文献和现有理论将数字化转型
对商业银行绩效的影响方式路径进行梳理，并结合中国农业银行案例的实际情况
进一步确定数字化转型对银行绩效产生的影响。其次，通过效果分析的方式，研
究中国农业银行在数字化转型对各方面表现的影响。再次，构建农业银行数字化
转型指数，结合中国农业银行年报中的数字化转型相关词频进行测度，在此基础
上运用 DEA法分析了数字化转型对中国农业银行绩效的影响效果及程度。最后，
采用 DEA-Malmquist和全局主成分分析法进行分析，将中国农业银行的绩效与
其规模相近的 6家银行作同行业对比，使分析更加全面。
通过以上研究得到以下结论：数字化转型的进行使农业银行的盈利水平、资
产流动性、风险管理能力及创新成长力均有所提升，从而正向影响了农业银行的
绩效水平，在 2020年疫情冲击之下，盈利增长程度有所下降，但总体仍然能维
持正向增长；近年来农业银行的数字化转型使其规模报酬递增，但对于数字化投
入存在冗余的情况，可以适当调整投入及规模的效率；农业银行的绩效水平在同
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摘要
规模的银行中处于平均值水平，其“三农”服务背景及服务性银行的性质使其绩
效劣于以盈利作为目标的银行。综合以上分析，本文提出以下建议：中国农业银
行需要制定自顶而下的统筹布局数字化战略，调整经营模式、转变传统业务思维，
并提升自身的科技水平建设，以适应社会数字化转型带来的挑战与机遇。
关键词：数字化转型；中国农业银行；绩效评价
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Abstract
Abstract
Commercial banks play an irreplaceable functional role in people's lives and are
also an important part of the financial industry. With the advent of the digital era, the
combination of modern financial technology and financial services of commercial
banks is becoming closer and closer. At a time when the social environment is
becoming more scientific and technological, On the one hand, the digital transformation
of commercial banks is passively promoted by financial technology. On the other hand,
commercial banks realize the importance of digital business development and carry out
transformation and upgrading independently to improve their service level. The digital
innovation function provides a feasible path and technical support for the digital
transformation of commercial banks, but the investment and innovation of major
commercial banks in technology may still be insufficient, or the input is redundant and
there is no corresponding effective output. Agricultural Bank of China takes
"agriculture, rural areas and farmers" as its brand, and formulated the digital strategy
of "promoting digital transformation and rebuilding an agricultural bank" in 2019. As
a traditional large state-owned bank, Agricultural Bank of China is gradually making
efforts to digital transformation. Therefore, this paper studies the impact of the
development of digital transformation of Agricultural Bank of China on its performance,
which is representative.
Combined with normative research and case studies, this paper first combs the
impact path of digital transformation on commercial bank performance by reading
literature and existing theories, and further determines the mechanism of the impact of
Agricultural Bank of China's digital transformation on bank performance in
combination with the actual situation of the selected cases. Secondly, through the way
of effect analysis, this paper studies the impact of Agricultural Bank of China's digital
transformation on all aspects of performance. Thirdly, build the digital transformation
index of Agricultural Bank of China, measure the word frequency related to digital
transformation in the annual report of Agricultural Bank of China, and analyze the
impact of digital transformation on the performance of Agricultural Bank of China and
its degree by using DEA method. Finally, the overall principal component analysis
method is used to compare the performance of Agricultural Bank of China with six
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