中国是一个农业大国，自古一来就关注农业生产以及农民的生活，但是农民 的生活水平在我国一直都是各个行业汇总较低的。这也让我国政府更加关注农村 建设，在河南省也是同样如此，河南省政府出台了一系列的惠农政策，作为本地 银行的H银行业积极响应政府号召，开发了一系列的惠农产品，为农村企业、 农村合作社以及农户提供便捷优惠的金融服务。为了解决农户贷款难的问题，H 银行还开发了惠农贷款，为农户们提供便利低息的贷款服务。为了方便农户申请， H银行的惠农贷款的门槛比较低，同时审核程序也非常简单，为农户贷款提供了 极大的便利，但这也给H银行带来了一定的风险隐患。银行面临不能正常还贷、 抵押不能变现、质押不能实现、保证虚置、担保无效的风险。银行在开展惠农贷 款业务时，因担心贷出去的钱，难以收回，在惠农贷款业务操作时，会相应的提 高贷款的条件或者减少贷款的资金。这样需要通过惠农贷款来筹集资金的农民、 农业的从业人员、农村的建设者等将会受到影响，惠农贷款的效用将会降低。 本文就是在此背景下对H银行惠农贷款产品进行了研究，在分析贷款风险 的概念以及类型，惠农贷款风险的概念及特点，分析信息不对称理论、普惠金融 理论、委托代理理论、农村金融市场理论等相关理论的基础上，结合H银行惠 农贷款业务发展的基本情况，对惠农贷款业务风险管理进行研究。首先，论文分 别对H银行惠农贷款业务的信用风险、操作风险以及流动性风险进行了测评， 总结出了H银行惠农贷款风险产生的三个方面的成因，分别是农户自身因素、 贷款特征因素以及银行因素。并且通过测评的结果分别分析H银行在惠农贷款 信用风险管理、操作风险管理以及流动性风险管理中存在的问题及背后的成因。 为了实现降低H银行惠农贷款风险以及更好地服务“三农”的目标，提出了包 括提高惠农贷款信用风险评价系统的开发和应用水平、规范惠农贷款业务操作风 险管理、建立完善的流动性风险评估方法和体系等内容的H银行惠农贷款风险 管理优化方案。为了保障H银行惠农贷款风险管理优化方案得以顺利的实施，H 银行还应该从风险管理组织架构、风险控制制度、风险管理系统建设、风险管理 资源配置等方面提供保障。 希望本文的研究可以为改善H银行惠农贷款风险管理起到一定的作用，同 时也为其他金融机构惠农金融产品风险管理提供一定的参考。希望有更多的学者 投入到惠农金融产品风险管理中，在完善金融企业风险管理的同时，促进农村的 健康发展。 关键词：H银行；惠农贷款；贷款风险；风险管理 II Abstract Chinaisalargeagriculturalcountry.Sinceancienttimes,ithaspaidattentionto agriculturalproductionandfarmers'life,butthelivingstandardoffarmersinChina hasalwaysbeenlowinallindustries.Thisalsomakesourgovernmentpaymore attentiontoruralconstruction,andthesameistrueinHenanProvince.The governmentofHenanProvincehasissuedaseriesofpreferentialagriculturalpolicies. Asalocalbank,theCentralPlainsbankingindustryhasactivelyrespondedtothe government'scallanddevelopedaseriesofpreferentialagriculturalproductsto provideconvenientandpreferentialfinancialservicesforruralenterprises,rural cooperativesandfarmers.Inordertosolvetheproblemoffarmers'loandifficulty,the CentralPlainsbankhasalsodevelopedtheloanforfarmerstoprovideconvenientand lowinterestloanservicesforfarmers.Inordertofacilitatetheapplicationoffarmers, thethresholdoftheHuinongloanofHbankisverylow,andtheauditprocedureis alsoverysimple,whichprovidesgreatconvenienceforfarmers'loan,butitalso bringsacertainrisktoHbank.Thebankisfacedwiththeriskthatitcan'tpayback theloannormally,themortgagecan'tberealized,thepledgecan'tberealized,the guaranteeisfalse,andtheguaranteeisinvalid.WhentheCentralPlainsbankis makingloansforthebenefitofagriculture,itwillbeworriedthatthemoney borrowedwillbedifficulttoberecovered.Whenitismakingloansforthebenefitof agriculture,itwillraisetheconditionsofloansorreducethefundsforloans.Then thosefarmers,agriculturalworkers,andruralbuilderswhoneedtoraisefunds throughthepreferentialagriculturalloanswillbeaffected,andtheeffectivenessofthe preferentialagriculturalloanswillbereduced. Inthiscontext,thispaperstudiestheagriculturalcreditproductsofBankH, analyzestheconceptandtypeofloanrisk,theconceptandcharacteristicsof agriculturalcreditrisk,informationasymmetrytheory,inclusivefinancetheory, principal-agenttheory,ruralfinancialmarkettheoryandotherrelatedtheories,and combinesthebasicsituationofthedevelopmentofagriculturalcreditbusinessof bankHResearchonriskmanagementofagriculturalloanbusiness.Firstofall,the paperevaluatesthecreditrisk,operationriskandliquidityriskofBankH'sHuinong loanbusiness,andsummarizesthethreecausesoftheHuinongloanriskofBankH, whicharefarmers'ownfactors,loancharacteristicsfactorsandbankfactors.And throughtheresultsoftheevaluation,thepaperanalyzestheproblemsandthecauses behindthecreditriskmanagement,operationalriskmanagementandliquidityrisk III managementofHbankinHuinongloan.Inordertoachievethegoalofreducingthe riskofHbank'sHuinongloanandservingthe"threeagriculture"better,thispaper putsforwardtheoptimizationschemeofHbank'sHuinongloanriskmanagement, whichincludesimprovingthedevelopmentandapplicationlevelofthecreditrisk evaluationsystemofHuinongloan,standardizingtheoperationalriskmanagementof Huinongloanbusiness,establishingaperfectliquidityriskevaluationmethodand system,etc.Inordertoensurethesmoothimplementationoftheriskmanagement optimizationprogramofBankH'sHuinongloan,BankHshouldalsoprovide guaranteefromtheaspectsofriskmanagementorganizationstructure,riskcontrol system,riskmanagementsystemconstruction,riskmanagementresourceallocation, etc. Itishopedthattheresearchofthispapercanplayacertainroleinimprovingthe riskmanagementofHuinongloanofHbank,andalsoprovideacertainreferencefor theriskmanagementofHuinongfinancialproductsofotherfinancialinstitutions.Itis alsohopedthatmorescholarswillinvestintheriskmanagementofagricultural financialproducts,improvetheriskmanagementoffinancialenterprises,andpromote thehealthydevelopmentofruralareas. Keywords:Hbank;Huinongloan;loanrisk;riskmanagement IV 目录 摘要................................................................................................................I Abstract..............................................................................................................II 绪论........................................................................................................................1 （一）研究背景与意义................................................................................1 1.研究背景............................................................................................1 2.研究意义............................................................................................2 （二）文献综述............................................................................................3 1.关于银行贷款政策的研究................................................................3 2.关于惠农贷款产品的研究................................................................3 3.关于惠农贷款风险的研究................................................................4 4.研究评述............................................................................................4 （三）研究内容和方法................................................................................5 1.研究内容............................................................................................5 2.研究方法............................................................................................5 一、惠农贷款风险管理的理论基础....................................................................6 （一）基本概念............................................................................................6 1.贷款风险............................................................................................6 2.惠农贷款风险....................................................................................7 （二）惠农贷款风险相关理论概述............................................................8 1.信息不对称理论................................................................................8 2.普惠金融理论....................................................................................8 3.委托代理理论....................................................................................9 4.农村金融市场理论............................................................................9 二、H银行惠农贷款业务经营及风