2007年，中央一号文件提出“面向农业、面向农村、面向农民、面向商业” 是县域农业银行股份制改革的重点。围绕这一新的市场定位，如何应对“三农”和 “商业经营”这一复杂的历史问题，已成为社会普遍关注的话题。随着国家对社会 主义新农村建设需求的不断增加，县域农村对金融服务和金融衍生品的需求也在 不断增加。农业银行的传统经营方式已经不能满足县域多元化的金融服务需求。农 行以“面向农业、面向农村、面向农民、面向商业经营”为基础，已经深入到县域， 提供了符合时代发展趋势的农村金融服务理念。 该研究通过对金融学、经济学、管理学、银行学相关概念和理论的解释与分析， 为全文在宏观层面上奠定了坚实的理论基础。然后，以盐都区为例，分析了县域农 业银行经营中存在的问题，探讨怎样更好地服务“三农”进行商业运作，为农行在 县域农村地区的发展寻找可能性及突破口。随后，全方位分析了盐都区小额贷款的 运行现状，并且解释了盐都区县域农行小额贷款在实际运作中面临的机遇和挑战， 并针对该模式目前存在的问题提出了基于互联网的“农行+信用村+担保公司+农 户”的新模式和基于“农行+农业企业+农户”模式的改进，并提出保障性的措施 和可行性的建议。为其他银行的小额贷款模式提供了参考。 关键词：三农，县域，农业银行，小额贷款，商业化经营 江 苏 大 学 工 商 管 理 硕 士（MBA）学 位 论 文 II ABSTRACT In 2007, the No. 1 central document put forward that "facing agriculture, facing the countryside, facing the farmers, facing the business" is the focus of the reform of the Agricultural Bank of the county. Around this new market orientation, how to deal with the complex historical issues of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" and "business operation" has become a topic of general concern. With the increasing demand of the country for the construction of new socialist countryside, the demand for financial services and financial derivatives in county rural areas is also increasing. The traditional operation mode of Agricultural Bank of China can not meet the diversified financial service demand of the county. On the basis of "facing agriculture, facing countryside, facing farmers and facing commercial operation", ABC has gone deep into the county and provided the rural financial service concept in line with the development trend of the times. Through the explanation and analysis of the related concepts and theories of finance, economics, management and banking, this study has laid a solid theoretical foundation for the whole paper at the macro level. Then, taking Yandu District as an example, this paper analyzes the problems existing in the operation of the County Agricultural Bank, discusses how to better serve the "three rural" business operation, and looks for the possibility and breakthrough for the development of the Agricultural Bank in the county rural areas. Then, it analyzes the current situation of the small loan operation in Yandu District, and explains the opportunities and challenges faced by the County-Level Agricultural Bank of Yandu District in the actual operation, and puts forward the new model of "Agricultural Bank + credit village + guarantee company + farmer" based on the Internet and the improvement of the model of "Agricultural Bank + agricultural enterprise + farmer" based on the existing problems of the model, and puts forward Safeguard measures and feasible suggestions. It provides a reference for other banks' microfinance model. Key words: three rural; county; agricultural bank; petty loan；commercial management 江 苏 大 学 工 商 管 理 硕 士（MBA）学 位 论 文 III 目 录 第1章 绪论 ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 研究背景 ................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 研究目的和意义 ..................................................................................................... 2 1.3国内外研究现状 ...................................................................................................... 4 1.3.1 国外研究情况 ................................................................................................... 4 1.3.2 国内研究情况 ................................................................................................... 7 1.4 研究方法与研究内容 ............................................................................................. 9 1.4.1 研究内容 ........................................................................................................... 9 1.4.2 研究方法 ......................................................................................................... 11 第2章 概念界定与相关理论 ..................................................................................... 12 2.1 概念界定 ............................................................................................................... 12 2.1.1 小额贷款定义 ................................................................................................. 12 2.1.2 扶贫小额贷款的概念 ..................................................................................... 13 2.1.3 经营模式 ......................................................................................................... 13 2.2 相关理论 ............................................................................................................... 13 2.2.1 市场失灵理论 ................................................................................................. 13 2.2.2 制度变迁理论 ................................................................................................. 14 2.2.3 金融抑制和金融深化理论 ............................................................................. 15 2.2.4 优势视角理论 ................................................................................................. 16 第3章 盐都区县域农行总体经营模式分析 ............................................................. 17 3.1 盐都区县域农行简介 ........................................................................................... 17 3.2 盐都区县域农行经营情况简述 ........................................................................... 17 3.3盐都区小额贷款客户情况分析 ............................................................................ 18 3.4 县域农行小额贷款现有经营模式 ..................................................................... 18 江 苏 大 学 工 商 管 理 硕 士（MBA）学 位 论 文 IV 3.4.1 直接贷款模式 ................................................................................................ 18 3.4.2 “农行+信用村+农户”模式 ......................................................................... 19 3.4.3“农行+农业企业+农户”模式 ...................................................................... 21 3.5 盐都区县域农行农户小额贷款业务流程与授信 ............................................... 23 3.5.1 盐都区县域农行农户小额贷款的流程 ......................................................... 23 3.5.2 盐都区县域农行农户小额贷款授信情况 ..................................................... 27 第4章 盐都区县域农行小额贷款经营模式存在的问题分析 ................................. 30 4.1 直接贷款模式存在的问题 ................................................................................... 30 4.1.1 贷后管控能力弱 ............................................................................................. 30 4.1.2 服务“三农”力度不足 ................................................................................. 30 4.1.3 产品创新度低，不适应三农需求 ................................................................. 31 4.2 “农行+信用村+农户”模式存在的问题 ........................................................... 32 4.2.1不良资产率高 ................................................................................................. 32 4.2.2 规范化涉农制度滞后 ..................................................................................... 34 4.3 “农行+农业企业+农户”模式存在的问题 ....................................................... 35 4.3.1 审批手续复杂 ..................